Hemolin, an immunoglobulin-like peptide, opsonizes nonself targets for phagocytosis and encapsulation in Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect

Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune responses remain largely unclear. This study focused on the modulation of hemocyte phagocytosis of hemolin via its opsonin activity. A full length o...

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Published inJournal of Asia-Pacific entomology Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 947 - 956
Main Authors Jung, Jihyeon, Sajjadian, Seyede Minoo, Kim, Yonggyun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.09.2019
한국응용곤충학회
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1226-8615
1876-7990
DOI10.1016/j.aspen.2019.08.002

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Abstract Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune responses remain largely unclear. This study focused on the modulation of hemocyte phagocytosis of hemolin via its opsonin activity. A full length open reading frame (ORF) of hemolin (SeHem) was identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Its ORF encoded 418 amino acids and shared 37.3–93.3% sequence similarities with other lepidopteran hemolins. SeHem was expressed in all developmental stages of S. exigua. In larval stage, SeHem was mostly expressed in hemocytes. Immune challenge significantly increased SeHem expression in hemocytes, fat body, midgut, and epidermis. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed by injecting SeHem-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into hemocoel, resulting in 60–80% reduction of SeHem transcript levels at 24–48 h after injection. Under RNAi condition, larvae showed significant loss of phagocytotic activities. In addition, hemocytes collected from control larvae exhibited significant reduction in phagocytosis when they were overlaid with plasma obtained from RNAi-treated larvae. RNAi treatment also suppressed encapsulation against injected beads. Furthermore, RNAi-treated larvae became highly susceptible to entomopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that hemolin can act as opsonin in cellular immune responses to protect S. exigua against infections by entomopathogens. [Display omitted] •Hemolin is identified and highly expressed in hemocytes of Spodoptera exigua.•Hemolin acts as opsonin between bacteria and hemocytes.•RNA interference of hemolin expression led to immunosuppression.
AbstractList Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune responses remain largely unclear. This study focused on the modulation of hemocyte phagocytosis of hemolin via its opsonin activity. A full length open reading frame (ORF) of hemolin (SeHem) was identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Its ORF encoded 418 amino acids and shared 37.3–93.3% sequence similarities with other lepidopteran hemolins. SeHem was expressed in all developmental stages of S. exigua. In larval stage, SeHem was mostly expressed in hemocytes. Immune challenge significantly increased SeHem expression in hemocytes, fat body, midgut, and epidermis. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed by injecting SeHem-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into hemocoel, resulting in 60–80% reduction of SeHem transcript levels at 24–48 h after injection. Under RNAi condition, larvae showed significant loss of phagocytotic activities. In addition, hemocytes collected from control larvae exhibited significant reduction in phagocytosis when they were overlaid with plasma obtained from RNAi-treated larvae. RNAi treatment also suppressed encapsulation against injected beads. Furthermore, RNAi-treated larvae became highly susceptible to entomopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that hemolin can act as opsonin in cellular immune responses to protect S. exigua against infections by entomopathogens. KCI Citation Count: 0
Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune responses remain largely unclear. This study focused on the modulation of hemocyte phagocytosis of hemolin via its opsonin activity. A full length open reading frame (ORF) of hemolin (SeHem) was identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Its ORF encoded 418 amino acids and shared 37.3–93.3% sequence similarities with other lepidopteran hemolins. SeHem was expressed in all developmental stages of S. exigua. In larval stage, SeHem was mostly expressed in hemocytes. Immune challenge significantly increased SeHem expression in hemocytes, fat body, midgut, and epidermis. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed by injecting SeHem-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into hemocoel, resulting in 60–80% reduction of SeHem transcript levels at 24–48 h after injection. Under RNAi condition, larvae showed significant loss of phagocytotic activities. In addition, hemocytes collected from control larvae exhibited significant reduction in phagocytosis when they were overlaid with plasma obtained from RNAi-treated larvae. RNAi treatment also suppressed encapsulation against injected beads. Furthermore, RNAi-treated larvae became highly susceptible to entomopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that hemolin can act as opsonin in cellular immune responses to protect S. exigua against infections by entomopathogens. [Display omitted] •Hemolin is identified and highly expressed in hemocytes of Spodoptera exigua.•Hemolin acts as opsonin between bacteria and hemocytes.•RNA interference of hemolin expression led to immunosuppression.
Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune responses remain largely unclear. This study focused on the modulation of hemocyte phagocytosis of hemolin via its opsonin activity. A full length open reading frame (ORF) of hemolin (SeHem) was identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Its ORF encoded 418 amino acids and shared 37.3–93.3% sequence similarities with other lepidopteran hemolins. SeHem was expressed in all developmental stages of S. exigua. In larval stage, SeHem was mostly expressed in hemocytes. Immune challenge significantly increased SeHem expression in hemocytes, fat body, midgut, and epidermis. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed by injecting SeHem-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into hemocoel, resulting in 60–80% reduction of SeHem transcript levels at 24–48 h after injection. Under RNAi condition, larvae showed significant loss of phagocytotic activities. In addition, hemocytes collected from control larvae exhibited significant reduction in phagocytosis when they were overlaid with plasma obtained from RNAi-treated larvae. RNAi treatment also suppressed encapsulation against injected beads. Furthermore, RNAi-treated larvae became highly susceptible to entomopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that hemolin can act as opsonin in cellular immune responses to protect S. exigua against infections by entomopathogens.
Author Sajjadian, Seyede Minoo
Jung, Jihyeon
Kim, Yonggyun
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jihyeon
  surname: Jung
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  givenname: Seyede Minoo
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  givenname: Yonggyun
  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Yonggyun
  email: hosanna@anu.ac.kr
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Hemolin
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Immunity
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Snippet Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like peptide that plays crucial role in microbial pathogen surveillance. However, its specific molecular actions in immune...
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SubjectTerms amino acids
cell-mediated immunity
double-stranded RNA
Encapsulation
entomopathogenic bacteria
fat body
hemocoel
hemocytes
Hemolin
immune response
Immunity
insects
larvae
messenger RNA
midgut
monitoring
open reading frames
Opsonin
peptides
Phagocytosis
RNA interference
sequence homology
Spodoptera exigua
농수해양학
Title Hemolin, an immunoglobulin-like peptide, opsonizes nonself targets for phagocytosis and encapsulation in Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2019.08.002
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