Modified method for proximate analysis of biochars

• Published in: Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis Vol. 124; pp. 335 - 342
• Main Authors: Aller, Deborah, Bakshi, Santanu, Laird, David A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.03.2017
• Subjects: ash content; biochar; Biochar stability; carbon; Fixed carbon; fuels; hardwood; N2 purge; oxidation; Proximate analysis; proximate composition; pyrolysis; soil amendments; temperature; variance; VM/FC ratio; Volatile matter; N2 purge; Biochar stability; Volatile matter; VM/FC ratio; Proximate analysis; Fixed carbon
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2017.01.012
• ISSN: 0165-2370

•The ASTM D1762-84 proximate analysis method is problematic for biochars.•An inert gas purge is needed for both moisture and volatile matter determinations to avoid partial oxidation.•800°C is the minimum temperature needed to determine volatile matter.•A modified proximate analysis method for biochars is proposed.•VM/FC ratios are relevant for assessing long-term stability of biochar C. Proximate analysis is widely used to determine moisture, volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC) and ash content of biochars. The original ASTM D1762-84 method was developed to assess quality of hardwood charcoal for use as fuel. We have developed a modified proximate analysis method to assess quality of diverse biochars for use as soil amendments. We determined that a N2 purge is necessary during both moisture and VM determination to avoid errors associated with sample oxidation. We assessed a range of boundary temperatures (350–950°C) for separating VM and FC, and determined that 800°C is the minimum temperature required to distinguish between VM and FC in biochars. Furthermore, correlation between VM/FC and molar H/Corg ratios suggests that VM/FC ratios are a useful measure of biochar stability. Use of the proposed modified method is encouraged to reduce variance in analytical results among studies.