Cross-sectional evaluation of cognitive functioning in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet kn...

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Published inJournal of Neural Transmission Vol. 117; no. 3; pp. 403 - 419
Main Authors Marx, Ivo, Hübner, Thomas, Herpertz, Sabine C., Berger, Christoph, Reuter, Erik, Kircher, Tilo, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Konrad, Kerstin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Vienna Springer Vienna 01.03.2010
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Biological Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Original Article
Child
Cognition
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Impulsive Behavior
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Memory, Short-Term
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurosciences
Psychiatry
Time Factors
Time Perception
Young Adult
ADHD
Interference control
Working memory
Delay aversion
Time perception
Brain maturation
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0300-9564
1435-1463
1435-1463
DOI10.1007/s00702-009-0345-3

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Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8–12 years), 20 adolescents (13–16 years), and 20 adults (18–40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.
AbstractList Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8-12 years), 20 adolescents (13-16 years), and 20 adults (18-40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8-12 years), 20 adolescents (13-16 years), and 20 adults (18-40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8-12 years), 20 adolescents (13-16 years), and 20 adults (18-40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8-12 years), 20 adolescents (13-16 years), and 20 adults (18-40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although effect sizes of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD are well established, developmental approaches have rarely been explored and little is yet known about age-dependent changes in cognitive dysfunction from childhood to adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, 20 male children (8–12 years), 20 adolescents (13–16 years), and 20 adults (18–40 years) with ADHD and a matched control group were investigated using six experimental paradigms tapping into different domains of cognitive dysfunction. Subjects with ADHD were more delay-aversive and showed deficits in time discrimination and time reproduction, but they were not impaired in working memory, interference control or time production. Independent of age, the most robust group differences were observed with respect to delay aversion and time reproduction, pointing to persistent dysfunction in the mesolimbic reward circuitry and in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar timing system in subjects with ADHD. Across all tasks, effect sizes were lowest for adolescents with ADHD compared to age-matched controls. Developmental dissociations were found only for simple stimuli comparison, which was particularly impaired in ADHD children. Thus, in line with current multiple-pathway approaches to ADHD, our data suggest that deficits in different cognitive domains are persistent across the lifespan, albeit less pronounced in adolescents with ADHD.
Author Hübner, Thomas
Berger, Christoph
Reuter, Erik
Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate
Kircher, Tilo
Marx, Ivo
Herpertz, Sabine C.
Konrad, Kerstin
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  surname: Marx
  fullname: Marx, Ivo
  email: ivo.marx@med.uni-rostock.de
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Hübner
  fullname: Hübner, Thomas
  organization: Technical University of Dresden
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  givenname: Sabine C.
  surname: Herpertz
  fullname: Herpertz, Sabine C.
  organization: Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg
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  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Berger
  fullname: Berger, Christoph
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock
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  givenname: Erik
  surname: Reuter
  fullname: Reuter, Erik
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock
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  givenname: Tilo
  surname: Kircher
  fullname: Kircher, Tilo
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg
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  surname: Herpertz-Dahlmann
  fullname: Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate
  organization: RWTH Aachen University Hospital
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Kerstin
  surname: Konrad
  fullname: Konrad, Kerstin
  organization: RWTH Aachen University Hospital
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Keywords ADHD
Interference control
Working memory
Delay aversion
Time perception
Brain maturation
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springer_journals_10_1007_s00702_009_0345_3
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20100300
2010-3-00
2010-Mar
20100301
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2010-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 3
  year: 2010
  text: 20100300
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Vienna
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Vienna
– name: Austria
– name: Wien
PublicationSubtitle Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology, Movement disorders, Dementias, Biological Psychiatry, Biological Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
PublicationTitle Journal of Neural Transmission
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Neural Transm
PublicationTitleAlternate J Neural Transm (Vienna)
PublicationYear 2010
Publisher Springer Vienna
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Vienna
– name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, albeit with changes in clinical symptoms throughout the life span. Although...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Biological Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Original Article
Child
Cognition
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Impulsive Behavior
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Memory, Short-Term
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurosciences
Psychiatry
Time Factors
Time Perception
Young Adult
Title Cross-sectional evaluation of cognitive functioning in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-009-0345-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19953279
https://www.proquest.com/docview/217824812
https://www.proquest.com/docview/733544728
Volume 117
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