Could VEGF‐D level have a role in clinical risk scoring, estimation of thrombus burden, and treatment in acute pulmonary thromboembolism?

• Published in: International journal of clinical practice (Esher) Vol. 75; no. 10; pp. e14601 - n/a
• Main Authors: Kerget, Buğra, Erol Afşin, Dursun, Aksakal, Alperen, Kerget, Ferhan, Aşkın, Seda, Yılmazel Uçar, Elif, Sağlam, Leyla
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Hindawi Limited 01.10.2021
• Subjects: Angiography; Blood clots; Blood vessels; Calcium-binding protein; Computed tomography; Embolism; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Lymphatic system; Morbidity; Patients; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary artery; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis; Troponin; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor D
• DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14601
• ISSN: 1368-5031

Objective Pulmonary embolism (PE) is usually a complication of deep vein thrombosis and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF‐D) is a secretory protein that plays a role in the remodelling of blood vessels and the lymphatic system. This study aimed to determine the relationship between VEGF‐D level and clinical risk scoring in patients with PE. Methods The study included 117 patients admitted for PE that were divided into four groups: high‐risk patients (n = 35), high‐intermediate‐risk patients (n = 30), low‐intermediate‐risk patients (n = 24), and low‐risk patients (n = 28). Plasma VEGF‐D was measured from peripheral venous blood samples (5 mL) using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index (PAOI) was calculated from CT angiography imaging. Results There was no significant difference in troponin‐I and NT‐proBNP levels between the high‐intermediate‐risk and high‐risk PE patients (P = .134, .146). VEGF‐D and PAOI levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in high‐risk patients compared with high‐intermediate‐risk patients (P = .016, .001). VEGF‐D level was moderately correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure and PAOI (r = .481, P = .01; r = .404, P = .01). In ROC curve analysis, a cut‐off of 370.1 pg/mL for VEGF‐D had 91.4% sensitivity and 67% specificity in the differentiation of high‐intermediate‐risk and high‐risk PE patients. Conclusion This study showed that plasma VEGF‐D level was more reliable than troponin‐I and NT‐proBNP in clinical risk scoring and demonstrating thrombus burden. VEGF‐D can be used as a biomarker in clinical risk scoring and estimation of thrombus burden in patients with acute PE.