Recognizability assessment of facial images for automated teller machine applications
Crimes related to automated teller machines (ATMs) have increased as a result of the recent popularity in the devices. One of the most practical approaches for preventing such crimes is the installation of cameras in ATMs to capture the facial images of users for follow-up criminal investigations. H...
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| Published in | Pattern recognition Vol. 45; no. 5; pp. 1899 - 1914 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2012
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0031-3203 1873-5142 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.patcog.2011.11.014 |
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| Abstract | Crimes related to automated teller machines (ATMs) have increased as a result of the recent popularity in the devices. One of the most practical approaches for preventing such crimes is the installation of cameras in ATMs to capture the facial images of users for follow-up criminal investigations. However, this approach is vulnerable in cases where a criminal's face is occluded. Therefore, this paper proposes a system which assesses the recognizability of facial images of ATM users to determine whether their faces are severely occluded. The proposed system uses a component-based face candidate generation and verification approach to handle various facial postures and acceptable partial occlusions. Element techniques are implemented via grayscale image-based methods which are robust against illumination conditions compared to skin color detection approach. The system architecture for achieving both high performance and cost-efficiency is proposed to make the system applicable to practical ATM environments. In the experiment, the feasibility of the proposed system was evaluated using a large-scale facial occlusion database consisting of 3168 image sequences including 21 facial occlusions, 8 illumination conditions, and 2 acquisition scenarios. Based on the results, we drew up the guidelines of recognizability assessment systems for ATM applications.
▶ A novel recognizability assessment method of facial images for ATMs is proposed. ▶ A component-based face candidate generation and verification approach is utilized. ▶ An architecture for achieving high performance and cost-efficiency is suggested. ▶ This method can handle various facial occlusions, postures, and illuminations. ▶ Experimental results using a large-scale facial occlusion database are presented. |
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| AbstractList | Crimes related to automated teller machines (ATMs) have increased as a result of the recent popularity in the devices. One of the most practical approaches for preventing such crimes is the installation of cameras in ATMs to capture the facial images of users for follow-up criminal investigations. However, this approach is vulnerable in cases where a criminal's face is occluded. Therefore, this paper proposes a system which assesses the recognizability of facial images of ATM users to determine whether their faces are severely occluded. The proposed system uses a component-based face candidate generation and verification approach to handle various facial postures and acceptable partial occlusions. Element techniques are implemented via grayscale image-based methods which are robust against illumination conditions compared to skin color detection approach. The system architecture for achieving both high performance and cost-efficiency is proposed to make the system applicable to practical ATM environments. In the experiment, the feasibility of the proposed system was evaluated using a large-scale facial occlusion database consisting of 3168 image sequences including 21 facial occlusions, 8 illumination conditions, and 2 acquisition scenarios. Based on the results, we drew up the guidelines of recognizability assessment systems for ATM applications. Crimes related to automated teller machines (ATMs) have increased as a result of the recent popularity in the devices. One of the most practical approaches for preventing such crimes is the installation of cameras in ATMs to capture the facial images of users for follow-up criminal investigations. However, this approach is vulnerable in cases where a criminal's face is occluded. Therefore, this paper proposes a system which assesses the recognizability of facial images of ATM users to determine whether their faces are severely occluded. The proposed system uses a component-based face candidate generation and verification approach to handle various facial postures and acceptable partial occlusions. Element techniques are implemented via grayscale image-based methods which are robust against illumination conditions compared to skin color detection approach. The system architecture for achieving both high performance and cost-efficiency is proposed to make the system applicable to practical ATM environments. In the experiment, the feasibility of the proposed system was evaluated using a large-scale facial occlusion database consisting of 3168 image sequences including 21 facial occlusions, 8 illumination conditions, and 2 acquisition scenarios. Based on the results, we drew up the guidelines of recognizability assessment systems for ATM applications. ▶ A novel recognizability assessment method of facial images for ATMs is proposed. ▶ A component-based face candidate generation and verification approach is utilized. ▶ An architecture for achieving high performance and cost-efficiency is suggested. ▶ This method can handle various facial occlusions, postures, and illuminations. ▶ Experimental results using a large-scale facial occlusion database are presented. |
| Author | Jung, Ho Gi Eum, Sungmin Kim, Gahyun Kim, Jaihie Li, Gen Suhr, Jae Kyu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jae Kyu surname: Suhr fullname: Suhr, Jae Kyu email: jksuhr@hanyang.ac.kr organization: Research Institute of Automotive Electronics and Control, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Sungmin surname: Eum fullname: Eum, Sungmin email: eumsungmin@yonsei.ac.kr organization: Biometrics Engineering Research Center, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Ho Gi surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Ho Gi email: hogijung@hanyang.ac.kr organization: School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Gen surname: Li fullname: Li, Gen email: leegeun@yonsei.ac.kr organization: Biometrics Engineering Research Center, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Gahyun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Gahyun email: ghrapture@yonsei.ac.kr organization: Biometrics Engineering Research Center, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Jaihie surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jaihie email: jhkim@yonsei.ac.kr organization: Biometrics Engineering Research Center, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Keywords | Automated teller machine (ATM) Recognizability assessment Facial occlusion Facial image Component-based face detection Biometrics Performance evaluation System architecture High performance Grey level image Face recognition Vulnerability Pattern recognition Implementation Image method Partial occlusion Image sequence Database Illumination Feasibility Automatic recognition Asynchronous transfer mode |
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| Snippet | Crimes related to automated teller machines (ATMs) have increased as a result of the recent popularity in the devices. One of the most practical approaches for... |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Assessments Automated teller machine (ATM) Automated teller machines Component-based face detection Crime Exact sciences and technology Facial Facial image Facial occlusion Illumination Information, signal and communications theory Occlusion Pattern recognition Recognition Recognizability assessment Signal processing Telecommunications and information theory |
| Title | Recognizability assessment of facial images for automated teller machine applications |
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