Effect of cerium on the cleanliness of spring steel used in fastener of high-speed railway
The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results i...
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| Published in | Journal of rare earths Vol. 32; no. 8; pp. 759 - 766 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.08.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-0721 2509-4963 |
| DOI | 10.1016/S1002-0721(14)60137-X |
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| Abstract | The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce （[Ce]〈0.1%） and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce （[Ce]〈1.2%）. However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%-0.13%and 0.045%-0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements （As, P, Pb and Sn） were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which had proved that the Ce addition could capture the residual elements and suppress their precipitation behaviors in the grain boundary. |
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| AbstractList | The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce ([Ce]<0.1%) and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce ([Ce]<1.2%). However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce Corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%–0.13% and 0.045%–0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3 μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements (As, P, Pb and Sn) were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which had proved that the Ce addition could capture the residual elements and suppress their precipitation behaviors in the grain boundary.
SEM-mapping of elements in Ce inclusions The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce （[Ce]〈0.1%） and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce （[Ce]〈1.2%）. However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%-0.13%and 0.045%-0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements （As, P, Pb and Sn） were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which had proved that the Ce addition could capture the residual elements and suppress their precipitation behaviors in the grain boundary. The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce ([Ce]<0.1%) and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce ([Ce]<1.2%). However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%-0.13% and 0.045%-0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3 mu m in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements (As, P, Pb and Sn) were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which had proved that the Ce addition could capture the residual elements and suppress their precipitation behaviors in the grain boundary. |
| Author | 刘延强 王丽君 周国治 |
| AuthorAffiliation | State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90125-9 10.2355/isijinternational.43.271 10.1016/0022-5088(70)90175-X 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00575.x 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60485-1 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.090 10.1016/S1002-0721(12)60181-1 10.1179/msc.1979.13.5.307 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60021-6 10.1007/BF02644212 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.718-720.29 10.1007/BF02644100 10.1007/s12613-011-0491-0 10.1007/BF02869005 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00576.x 10.2478/v10266-012-0019-8 |
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| Keywords | residual elements high-speed railway spring steel cerium inclusions rare earths |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | 11-2788/TF LIU Yanqiang , WANG Lijun , CHOU Kuochih （1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China） The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce （[Ce]〈0.1%） and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce （[Ce]〈1.2%）. However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%-0.13%and 0.045%-0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements （As, P, Pb and Sn） were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which had proved that the Ce addition could capture the residual elements and suppress their precipitation behaviors in the grain boundary. cerium; inclusions; residual elements; spring steel; high-speed railway; rare earths ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| SubjectTerms | cerium Fasteners Grain boundaries high-speed railway Inclusions Lead (metal) Railways Rare earth metals rare earths residual elements SEM-EDS spring steel Spring steels Sulfur 弹簧钢 扣件 残余元素 硫氧化物 稀土氧化物 铈 高速铁路 |
| Title | Effect of cerium on the cleanliness of spring steel used in fastener of high-speed railway |
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