Water-in-salt electrolytes: An interfacial perspective

Liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, high transference number for the target ions, and excellent electrochemical, chemical, and thermal stability are essential for electrochemical energy storage devices. Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes, in which the salt–water ratio is larger than one,...

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Published inCurrent opinion in colloid & interface science Vol. 47; pp. 99 - 110
Main Authors Chen, Ming, Feng, Guang, Qiao, Rui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2020
Subjects
Battery
Electrical double layers
Energy storage
Interfacial structure
Liquid structure
Supercapacitor
Surface forces
Water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes
Water-in-salt electrolytes
Water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes
Interfacial structure
Water-in-salt electrolytes
Electrical double layers
Surface forces
Battery
Supercapacitor
Liquid structure
Energy storage
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Abstract Liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, high transference number for the target ions, and excellent electrochemical, chemical, and thermal stability are essential for electrochemical energy storage devices. Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes, in which the salt–water ratio is larger than one, are gaining intensive attention in the electrochemical community. Here, we review the recent work on WIS electrolytes and the closely related water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes. We highlight the fact that many properties of these electrolytes, in bulk and at electrolyte–electrode interfaces, are underpinned by the physics and chemistry of the interfaces formed between water and ions (or aggregated water/ion clusters). Manipulating these interfaces by tailoring the selection of ions and water–ion ratio opens up new dimensions in the optimization of liquid electrolytes but also poses new challenges. We conclude the review by highlighting several directions for research on WIS electrolytes, in particular, the study of WIS electrolyte–electrode interfaces using surface force measurements.
AbstractList Liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, high transference number for the target ions, and excellent electrochemical, chemical, and thermal stability are essential for electrochemical energy storage devices. Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes, in which the salt–water ratio is larger than one, are gaining intensive attention in the electrochemical community. Here, we review the recent work on WIS electrolytes and the closely related water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes. We highlight the fact that many properties of these electrolytes, in bulk and at electrolyte–electrode interfaces, are underpinned by the physics and chemistry of the interfaces formed between water and ions (or aggregated water/ion clusters). Manipulating these interfaces by tailoring the selection of ions and water–ion ratio opens up new dimensions in the optimization of liquid electrolytes but also poses new challenges. We conclude the review by highlighting several directions for research on WIS electrolytes, in particular, the study of WIS electrolyte–electrode interfaces using surface force measurements.
Author Qiao, Rui
Chen, Ming
Feng, Guang
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  surname: Feng
  fullname: Feng, Guang
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  givenname: Rui
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  email: ruiqiao@vt.edu
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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Keywords Water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes
Interfacial structure
Water-in-salt electrolytes
Electrical double layers
Surface forces
Battery
Supercapacitor
Liquid structure
Energy storage
Language English
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, high transference number for the target ions, and excellent electrochemical, chemical, and thermal stability...
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StartPage 99
SubjectTerms Battery
Electrical double layers
Energy storage
Interfacial structure
Liquid structure
Supercapacitor
Surface forces
Water-in-ionic liquid electrolytes
Water-in-salt electrolytes
Title Water-in-salt electrolytes: An interfacial perspective
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.011
Volume 47
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