A cross-cultural investigation of the role of foot size in physical attractiveness
Disparate cultural practices suggest that small foot size may contribute to female attractiveness. Two hypotheses potentially explain such a pattern. Sexual dimorphism in foot size may lead observers to view small feet as feminine and large feet as masculine. Alternately, because small female feet i...
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Published in | Archives of sexual behavior Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 267 - 276 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Springer Nature B.V
01.06.2005
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Abstract | Disparate cultural practices suggest that small foot size may contribute to female attractiveness. Two hypotheses potentially explain such a pattern. Sexual dimorphism in foot size may lead observers to view small feet as feminine and large feet as masculine. Alternately, because small female feet index both youth and nulliparity, evolution may have favored a male preference for this attribute in order to maximize returns on male reproductive investment. Whereas the observational hypothesis predicts symmetrical polarizing preferences, with small feet being preferred in women and large feet being preferred in men, the evolutionary hypothesis predicts asymmetrical preferences, with the average phenotype being preferred in men. Using line drawings that varied only in regard to relative foot size, we examined judgments of attractiveness in nine cultures. Small foot size was generally preferred for females, while average foot size was preferred for males. These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that humans possess an evolved preference for small feet in females. |
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AbstractList | Disparate cultural practices suggest that small foot size may contribute to female attractiveness. Two hypotheses potentially explain such a pattern. Sexual dimorphism in foot size may lead observers to view small feet as feminine and large feet as masculine. Alternately, because small female feet index both youth and nulliparity, evolution may have favored a male preference for this attribute in order to maximize returns on male reproductive investment. Whereas the observational hypothesis predicts symmetrical polarizing preferences, with small feet being preferred in women and large feet being preferred in men, the evolutionary hypothesis predicts asymmetrical preferences, with the average phenotype being preferred in men. Using line drawings that varied only in regard to relative foot size, we examined judgments of attractiveness in nine cultures. Small foot size was generally preferred for females, while average foot size was preferred for males. These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that humans possess an evolved preference for small feet in females. Disparate cultural practices suggest that small foot size may contribute to female attractiveness. Two hypotheses potentially explain such a pattern. Sexual dimorphism in foot size may lead observers to view small feet as feminine and large feet as masculine. Alternately, because small female feet index both youth and nulliparity, evolution may have favored a male preference for this attribute in order to maximize returns on male reproductive investment. Whereas the observational hypothesis predicts symmetrical polarizing preferences, with small feet being preferred in women and large feet being preferred in men, the evolutionary hypothesis predicts asymmetrical preferences, with the average phenotype being preferred in men. Using line drawings that varied only in regard to relative foot size, we examined judgments of attractiveness in nine cultures. Small foot size was generally preferred for females, while average foot size was preferred for males. These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that humans possess an evolved preference for small feet in females. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff Khaltourina, Daria Zbarauskaite, Asta Marrow, Jocelyn Nettle, Daniel Cravalho, Mark Korotayev, Andrey Fessler, Daniel M T Gruzd, Bozena Afshar, Yalda de Souza, Lucineide Santiago Delgado, Tiara Pinheiro, Isadora de Andrade Correia, Melissa Oliveira Bolyanatz, Alexander |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel M T surname: Fessler fullname: Fessler, Daniel M T email: dfessler@anthro.ucla.edu organization: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1553, USA. dfessler@anthro.ucla.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Daniel surname: Nettle fullname: Nettle, Daniel – sequence: 3 givenname: Yalda surname: Afshar fullname: Afshar, Yalda – sequence: 4 givenname: Isadora de Andrade surname: Pinheiro fullname: Pinheiro, Isadora de Andrade – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexander surname: Bolyanatz fullname: Bolyanatz, Alexander – sequence: 6 givenname: Monique Borgerhoff surname: Mulder fullname: Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff – sequence: 7 givenname: Mark surname: Cravalho fullname: Cravalho, Mark – sequence: 8 givenname: Tiara surname: Delgado fullname: Delgado, Tiara – sequence: 9 givenname: Bozena surname: Gruzd fullname: Gruzd, Bozena – sequence: 10 givenname: Melissa Oliveira surname: Correia fullname: Correia, Melissa Oliveira – sequence: 11 givenname: Daria surname: Khaltourina fullname: Khaltourina, Daria – sequence: 12 givenname: Andrey surname: Korotayev fullname: Korotayev, Andrey – sequence: 13 givenname: Jocelyn surname: Marrow fullname: Marrow, Jocelyn – sequence: 14 givenname: Lucineide Santiago surname: de Souza fullname: de Souza, Lucineide Santiago – sequence: 15 givenname: Asta surname: Zbarauskaite fullname: Zbarauskaite, Asta |
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Title | A cross-cultural investigation of the role of foot size in physical attractiveness |
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