Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol
Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield...
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Abstract | Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars (BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar (BC1), branches of mango tree biochar (BC2), and rice husk biochar (BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil (Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control; ii) full dose of NPK (a commercial compound fertilizer (12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O) + urea (46% N)); iii) BC1 + half dose of NPK; iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK; v) BC2 + half dose of NPK; vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK; vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK; and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9% (weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2, while cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1; BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied. |
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AbstractList | Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars (BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar (BC1), branches of mango tree biochar (BC2), and rice husk biochar (BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil (Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control; ii) full dose of NPK (a commercial compound fertilizer (12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O) + urea (46% N)); iii) BC1 + half dose of NPK; iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK; v) BC2 + half dose of NPK; vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK; vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK; and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9% (weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2, while cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1; BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied. Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth,particularly in unfertile soils,while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching.This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars (BCs) made from different feedstocks,baby corn peel biochar (BC1),branches of mango tree biochar (BC2),and rice husk biochar (BC3),applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers.The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse,using an acid sandy soil (Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments:i) control;ii) full dose of NPK (a commercial compound fertilizer (12-24-12 of N-P2Os-K2O) + urea (46% N));iii) BC1 + half dose of NPK;iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK;v) BC2 + half dose of NPK;vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK;vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK;and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK.All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9% (weight/weight),and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers.Soil pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2,while cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1;BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield.Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used.In conclusion,biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities,allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied. |
Author | RUELLO, Maria Letizia FERNÁNDEZ-MARCOS, Maria Luisa RAFAEL, Rogério Borguete Alves COCCO, Stefania CORTI, Giuseppe FORNASIER, Flavio |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257 Mozambique;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain;Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain%Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Gorizia 34170 Italy |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257 Mozambique;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain;Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain%Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Gorizia 34170 Italy |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Rogério Borguete Alves surname: RAFAEL fullname: RAFAEL, Rogério Borguete Alves email: rogerborguete@gmail.com organization: Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257 (Mozambique) – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Luisa surname: FERNÁNDEZ-MARCOS fullname: FERNÁNDEZ-MARCOS, Maria Luisa organization: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 (Spain) – sequence: 3 givenname: Stefania surname: COCCO fullname: COCCO, Stefania organization: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 (Italy) – sequence: 4 givenname: Maria Letizia surname: RUELLO fullname: RUELLO, Maria Letizia organization: Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 (Italy) – sequence: 5 givenname: Flavio surname: FORNASIER fullname: FORNASIER, Flavio organization: Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Gorizia 34170 (Italy) – sequence: 6 givenname: Giuseppe surname: CORTI fullname: CORTI, Giuseppe organization: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 (Italy) |
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Copyright | 2019 Soil Science Society of China Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2019 Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. |
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GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Funds for this work were mainly obtained from the "Applied Research and Multi-sectorial Program (FI-AM) (No.5.2.1)" granted by the Italian Cooperation and Development Agency (ICDA) to the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane.The authors also acknowledge the Polytechnic University of Marche for the PhD scholarship provided to the first author.Any findings,conclusions,and recommendations presented in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the donors funderid: (Ancona,Italy) for the PhD scholarship provided to the first author.Any findings,conclusions,and recommendations presented in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the donors |
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Keywords | plant growth soil pH nutrient use efficiency organic amendment acid soil soil fertility potential enzyme activity |
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Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Science Ltd Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257 Mozambique Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002 Spain%Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131 Italy%Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Gorizia 34170 Italy |
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SubjectTerms | acid soil Acidic soils Acids Branches Cation exchange Cation exchanging Charcoal Compound fertilizers Corn Cowpeas Dosage Enzymatic activity Fertilization Fertilizer application Fertilizers Food production Leaching Nitrogen nutrient use efficiency Nutrients Optimization organic amendment Organic chemistry Phosphorus Phosphorus pentoxide Plant growth Potassium potential enzyme activity Production costs Sandy soils Sediment yield Soil chemistry Soil fertility Soil improvement Soil investigations Soil pH Soil properties Soil quality Urea Vigna unguiculata Weight |
Title | Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol |
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