A technique for calibration of monostatic echosounder systems
A calibration technique has been adapted to render complete system calibrations of high-frequency acoustical instrumentation. This is based on standard targets; specifically, precisely manufactured spheres composed of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. The use of multiple sphere sizes was found...
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Published in | IEEE journal of oceanic engineering Vol. 21; no. 3; pp. 298 - 305 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York, NY
IEEE
01.07.1996
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | A calibration technique has been adapted to render complete system calibrations of high-frequency acoustical instrumentation. This is based on standard targets; specifically, precisely manufactured spheres composed of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. The use of multiple sphere sizes was found to be advantageous, both as an independent check of the calibrations, and so that resonances in the sphere responses at certain frequencies could be avoided. Complete system gains and beam patterns, which include effects of bandpass filters and finite-pulse lengths, were determined by moving the spheres individually in the transducer far-fields. Use of this procedure ensures control over the acoustical characteristics of transducers, which may change from the time of manufacture and first testing due, for example, to platform mounting. It also provides a direct means of measuring the sampling volume at relatively high and constant signal-to-noise ratios. Implementation of this technique is discussed using a multifrequency sonar system as an example. |
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AbstractList | A calibration technique has been adapted to render complete system calibrations of high-frequency acoustical instrumentation. This is based on standard targets; specifically, precisely manufactured spheres composed of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. The use of multiple sphere sizes was found to be advantageous, both as an independent check of the calibrations, and so that resonances in the sphere responses at certain frequencies could be avoided. Complete system gains and beam patterns, which include effects of bandpass filters and finite-pulse lengths, were determined by moving the spheres individually in the transducer far-fields. Use of this procedure ensures control over the acoustical characteristics of transducers, which may change from the time of manufacture and first testing due, for example, to platform mounting. It also provides a direct means of measuring the sampling volume at relatively high and constant signal-to-noise ratios. Implementation of this technique is discussed using a multifrequency sonar system as an example A calibration technique has been adapted to render complete system calibrations of high-frequency acoustical instrumentation. This is based on standard targets; specifically, precisely manufactured spheres composed of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. The use of multiple sphere sizes was found to be advantageous, both as an independent check of the calibrations, and so that resonances in the sphere responses at certain frequencies could be avoided. Complete system gains and beam patterns, which include effects of bandpass filters and finite-pulse lengths, were determined by moving the spheres individually in the transducer far-fields. Use of this procedure ensures control over the acoustical characteristics of transducers, which may change from the time of manufacture and first testing due, for example, to platform mounting. It also provides a direct means of measuring the sampling volume at relatively high and constant signal-to-noise ratios. Implementation of this technique is discussed using a multifrequency sonar system as an example. |
Author | Foote, K.G. Vagle, S. Trevorrow, M.V. Farmer, D.M. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90141-O 10.1093/icesjms/46.3.284 10.1121/1.1910637 10.1121/1.385699 10.1121/1.390489 10.1121/1.386920 10.1121/1.405653 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0630:TMOBSD>2.0.CO;2 10.1121/1.1909055 10.2331/suisan.59.933 10.1121/1.1914676 10.1109/48.312927 10.1121/1.388673 10.1121/1.1914677 10.1121/1.387497 |
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Keywords | Vertebrata Pisces Calibration High frequency Underwater acoustics Zooplankton Echo sounding |
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References | ref13 urick (ref6) 1975 ref12 simmonds (ref7) 1986; 6 ref15 ref14 ref11 ref10 ref2 simmonds (ref8) 1986; 8 ref1 ref17 ref16 ref19 foote (ref4) 1987; 144 ref18 ref9 ref3 ref5 |
References_xml | – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90141-O – volume: 144 start-page: 69 year: 1987 ident: ref4 article-title: calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation: a practical guide publication-title: Coop Res Rep Const Int Explor Mer contributor: fullname: foote – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1093/icesjms/46.3.284 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1121/1.1910637 – volume: 6 year: 1986 ident: ref7 article-title: frequency dependence of herring and cod target strengths publication-title: ICES C M 1986/B contributor: fullname: simmonds – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1121/1.385699 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1121/1.390489 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1121/1.386920 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1121/1.405653 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0630:TMOBSD>2.0.CO;2 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1121/1.1909055 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.2331/suisan.59.933 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1121/1.1914676 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/48.312927 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1121/1.388673 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1121/1.1914677 – volume: 8 start-page: 173 year: 1986 ident: ref8 article-title: a wide band constant beam width echo sounder for fish abundance estimation publication-title: Proc Inst Acoustics contributor: fullname: simmonds – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1121/1.387497 – year: 1975 ident: ref6 publication-title: Principles of Underwater Sound contributor: fullname: urick |
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SubjectTerms | Acoustic beams Acoustic transducers Acoustics Band pass filters Brackish Calibration Cobalt Exact sciences and technology Frequency Freshwater Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Instruments Manufacturing Marine Physics Resonance Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound Tungsten Underwater sound |
Title | A technique for calibration of monostatic echosounder systems |
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