Methods for Compensating Contrast Effects in Information Visualization
Color, as one of the most effective visual variables, is used in many techniques to encode and group data points according to different features. Relations between features and groups appear as visual patterns in the visualization. However, optical illusions may bias the perception at the first leve...
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Published in | Computer graphics forum Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 231 - 240 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2014
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Abstract | Color, as one of the most effective visual variables, is used in many techniques to encode and group data points according to different features. Relations between features and groups appear as visual patterns in the visualization. However, optical illusions may bias the perception at the first level of the analysis process. For instance, in pixel‐based visualizations contrast effects make pixels appear brighter if surrounded by a darker area, which distorts the encoded metric quantity of the data points. Even if we are aware of these perceptual issues, our visual cognition system is not able to compensate these effects accurately. To overcome this limitation, we present a color optimization algorithm based on perceptual metrics and color perception models to reduce physiological contrast or color effects. We evaluate our technique with a user study and find that the technique doubles the accuracy of users comparing and estimating color encoded data values. Since the presented technique can be used in any application without adaption to the visualization itself, we are able to demonstrate its effectiveness on data visualizations in different domains. |
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AbstractList | Color, as one of the most effective visual variables, is used in many techniques to encode and group data points according to different features. Relations between features and groups appear as visual patterns in the visualization. However, optical illusions may bias the perception at the first level of the analysis process. For instance, in pixel‐based visualizations contrast effects make pixels appear brighter if surrounded by a darker area, which distorts the encoded metric quantity of the data points. Even if we are aware of these perceptual issues, our visual cognition system is not able to compensate these effects accurately. To overcome this limitation, we present a color optimization algorithm based on perceptual metrics and color perception models to reduce physiological contrast or color effects. We evaluate our technique with a user study and find that the technique doubles the accuracy of users comparing and estimating color encoded data values. Since the presented technique can be used in any application without adaption to the visualization itself, we are able to demonstrate its effectiveness on data visualizations in different domains. Color, as one of the most effective visual variables, is used in many techniques to encode and group data points according to different features. Relations between features and groups appear as visual patterns in the visualization. However, optical illusions may bias the perception at the first level of the analysis process. For instance, in pixel-based visualizations contrast effects make pixels appear brighter if surrounded by a darker area, which distorts the encoded metric quantity of the data points. Even if we are aware of these perceptual issues, our visual cognition system is not able to compensate these effects accurately. To overcome this limitation, we present a color optimization algorithm based on perceptual metrics and color perception models to reduce physiological contrast or color effects. We evaluate our technique with a user study and find that the technique doubles the accuracy of users comparing and estimating color encoded data values. Since the presented technique can be used in any application without adaption to the visualization itself, we are able to demonstrate its effectiveness on data visualizations in different domains. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Keim, D. A. Mittelstädt, S. Stoffel, A. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1038/nature03271 10.1179/000870403235002042 10.1109/38.135886 10.1163/156856887X00222 10.1109/2945.841121 10.1016/S0734-189X(85)80004-9 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480803 10.1145/2470654.2481283 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6378(199606)21:3<221::AID-COL4>3.0.CO;2-U 10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00119-4 10.1111/0033-0124.00077 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187168.001.0001 10.1117/1.1635368 10.7717/peerj.146 10.1002/9781119975595 10.1109/MCG.1986.276688 10.1109/38.7760 10.1080/00031305.1983.10482720 10.1063/1.4822401 10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.795 10.1109/TVCG.2012.315 10.1109/TVCG.2008.112 10.1016/j.visres.2004.09.027 10.1002/9781118653128 |
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SubjectTerms | Algorithms Analysis Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) Color Data points Data visualization Distortion I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation-Display algorithms Information processing Optical illusion Perception Perceptions Physiology Visual Visualization |
Title | Methods for Compensating Contrast Effects in Information Visualization |
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