Pipoxolan suppresses the inflammatory factors of NF‐κB, AP‐1, and STATs, but activates the antioxidative factor Nrf2 in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells

• Published in: Environmental toxicology Vol. 35; no. 12; pp. 1352 - 1363
• Main Authors: Lin, Yu‐Hsien, Lin, Yu‐Jung, Chang, Ting‐Hsuan, Chang, Yun‐Hsuan, Lim, Yun‐Ping, Chung, Jing‐Gung, Hsieh, Wen‐Tsong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: AKT protein; antioxidative activity; anti‐inflammatory effects; B-lymphocytes; Cells; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; ecotoxicology; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Heme; inducible nitric oxide synthase; Inflammation; interleukin-6; Interleukins; Janus kinase; Kinases; light; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocytes B; Macrophages; mice; Molecular modelling; Muscle relaxants; Muscles; Necrosis; Neoplasms; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase; Oxygenase; pipoxolan (PIPO); Prostaglandin E2; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase; prostaglandin synthase; prostaglandins; protein synthesis; Protein-serine/threonine kinase; Proteins; RAW 264.7 cells; Receptors; Serine; signal transduction; Smooth muscle; Threonine; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptor 4; Toll-like receptors; Toxicity; toxicity testing; transactivators; Transcription; transcription factor; Transcription factors; Transducers; Western blotting

Although pipoxolan (PIPO) is a smooth muscle relaxant, its anti‐inflammatory capability has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory molecular mechanisms of PIPO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we used the MTT assay to evaluate the...