Metallochaperones Are Needed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli Nicotinamidase-Pyrazinamidase Activity

• Published in: Journal of bacteriology Vol. 202; no. 2; p. 1
• Main Authors: Sheen, Patricia, Monsalve, Anuntxi, Campos, Jhanina, Huerta, Rodolfo, Antiparra, Ricardo, Arteaga, Héctor, Duran, Patricia, Bueno, Carlos, Kirwan, Daniela E, Gilman, Robert H, Zimic, Mirko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 02.01.2020
• Subjects: Activation; Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology; Bacteriology; Depletion; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects; E coli; Efflux; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Escherichia coli - enzymology; Heat treatment; Metallochaperones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - enzymology; Nicotinamidase; Nicotinamidase - metabolism; Nicotinamide; Nicotinic acid; Proteolysis; Pyrazinamide; Pyrazinamide - analogs & derivatives; Pyrazinamide - pharmacology; Tuberculosis; metal depletion; PZA resistance; Rv2059; pyrazinamide; mechanism of action; reactivation; ZnuA; pyrazinoic acid; metalloenzyme; resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; mechanism of resistance; metallochaperone
• ISSN: 0021-9193; 1098-5530
• DOI: 10.1128/JB.00331-19

nicotinamidase-pyrazinamidase (PZAse) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes conversion of nicotinamide-pyrazinamide to nicotinic acid-pyrazinoic acid. This study investigated whether a metallochaperone is required for optimal PZAse activity. and PZAses (PZAse-MT and PZAse-EC, respectively) were inactivated by metal depletion (giving PZAse-MT-Apo and PZAse-EC-Apo). Reactivation with the metallochaperone ZnuA or Rv2059 (the analog) was measured. This was repeated following proteolytic and thermal treatment of ZnuA and Rv2059. The CDC1551 reference strain had the Rv2059 coding gene knocked out, and PZA susceptibility and the pyrazinoic acid (POA) efflux rate were measured. ZnuA (200 μM) achieved 65% PZAse-EC-Apo reactivation. Rv2059 (1 μM) and ZnuA (1 μM) achieved 69% and 34.3% PZAse-MT-Apo reactivation, respectively. Proteolytic treatment of ZnuA and Rv2059 and application of three (but not one) thermal shocks to ZnuA significantly reduced the capacity to reactivate PZAse-MT-Apo. An Rv2059 knockout strain was Wayne positive and susceptible to PZA and did not have a significantly different POA efflux rate than the reference strain, although a trend toward a lower efflux rate was observed after knockout. The metallochaperone Rv2059 restored the activity of metal-depleted PZAse Although Rv2059 is important , it seems to have a smaller effect on PZA susceptibility It may be important to mechanisms of action and resistance to pyrazinamide in Further studies are needed for confirmation. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium and remains one of the major causes of disease and death worldwide. Pyrazinamide is a key drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis, yet its mechanism of action is not fully understood, and testing strains of for pyrazinamide resistance is not easy with the tools that are presently available. The significance of the present research is that a metallochaperone-like protein may be crucial to pyrazinamide's mechanisms of action and of resistance. This may support the development of improved tools to detect pyrazinamide resistance, which would have significant implications for the clinical management of patients with tuberculosis: drug regimens that are appropriately tailored to the resistance profile of a patient's individual strain lead to better clinical outcomes, reduced onward transmission of infection, and reduction of the development of resistant strains that are more challenging and expensive to treat.