Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children
There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subje...
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| Published in | Anaerobe Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 444 - 453 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2010
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subjects with various severities of autism with gastrointestinal symptoms, 7 siblings not showing autistic symptoms (sibling controls) and eight non-sibling control subjects, using the bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) procedure. The results provide us with information on the microflora of stools of young children and a compelling picture of unique fecal microflora of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptomatology. Differences based upon maximum observed and maximum predicted operational taxonomic units were statistically significant when comparing autistic and control subjects with
p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.009 using both parametric and non-parametric estimators. At the phylum level,
Bacteroidetes and
Firmicutes showed the most difference between groups of varying severities of autism.
Bacteroidetes was found at high levels in the severely autistic group, while
Firmicutes were more predominant in the control group. Smaller, but significant, differences also occurred in the
Actinobacterium and
Proteobacterium phyla.
Desulfovibrio species and
Bacteroides vulgatus are present in significantly higher numbers in stools of severely autistic children than in controls. If the unique microbial flora is found to be a causative or consequent factor in this type of autism, it may have implications with regard to a specific diagnostic test, its epidemiology, and for treatment and prevention. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subjects with various severities of autism with gastrointestinal symptoms, 7 siblings not showing autistic symptoms (sibling controls) and eight non-sibling control subjects, using the bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) procedure. The results provide us with information on the microflora of stools of young children and a compelling picture of unique fecal microflora of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptomatology. Differences based upon maximum observed and maximum predicted operational taxonomic units were statistically significant when comparing autistic and control subjects with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.009 using both parametric and non-parametric estimators. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed the most difference between groups of varying severities of autism. Bacteroidetes was found at high levels in the severely autistic group, while Firmicutes were more predominant in the control group. Smaller, but significant, differences also occurred in the Actinobacterium and Proteobacterium phyla. Desulfovibrio species and Bacteroides vulgatus are present in significantly higher numbers in stools of severely autistic children than in controls. If the unique microbial flora is found to be a causative or consequent factor in this type of autism, it may have implications with regard to a specific diagnostic test, its epidemiology, and for treatment and prevention. There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subjects with various severities of autism with gastrointestinal symptoms, 7 siblings not showing autistic symptoms (sibling controls) and eight non-sibling control subjects, using the bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) procedure. The results provide us with information on the microflora of stools of young children and a compelling picture of unique fecal microflora of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptomatology. Differences based upon maximum observed and maximum predicted operational taxonomic units were statistically significant when comparing autistic and control subjects with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.009 using both parametric and non-parametric estimators. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed the most difference between groups of varying severities of autism. Bacteroidetes was found at high levels in the severely autistic group, while Firmicutes were more predominant in the control group. Smaller, but significant, differences also occurred in the Actinobacterium and Proteobacterium phyla. Desulfovibrio species and Bacteroides vulgatus are present in significantly higher numbers in stools of severely autistic children than in controls. If the unique microbial flora is found to be a causative or consequent factor in this type of autism, it may have implications with regard to a specific diagnostic test, its epidemiology, and for treatment and prevention.There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subjects with various severities of autism with gastrointestinal symptoms, 7 siblings not showing autistic symptoms (sibling controls) and eight non-sibling control subjects, using the bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) procedure. The results provide us with information on the microflora of stools of young children and a compelling picture of unique fecal microflora of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptomatology. Differences based upon maximum observed and maximum predicted operational taxonomic units were statistically significant when comparing autistic and control subjects with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.009 using both parametric and non-parametric estimators. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed the most difference between groups of varying severities of autism. Bacteroidetes was found at high levels in the severely autistic group, while Firmicutes were more predominant in the control group. Smaller, but significant, differences also occurred in the Actinobacterium and Proteobacterium phyla. Desulfovibrio species and Bacteroides vulgatus are present in significantly higher numbers in stools of severely autistic children than in controls. If the unique microbial flora is found to be a causative or consequent factor in this type of autism, it may have implications with regard to a specific diagnostic test, its epidemiology, and for treatment and prevention. There is evidence of genetic predisposition to autism, but the percent of autistic subjects with this background is unknown. It is clear that other factors, such as environmental influences, may play a role in this disease. In the present study, we have examined the fecal microbial flora of 33 subjects with various severities of autism with gastrointestinal symptoms, 7 siblings not showing autistic symptoms (sibling controls) and eight non-sibling control subjects, using the bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) procedure. The results provide us with information on the microflora of stools of young children and a compelling picture of unique fecal microflora of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptomatology. Differences based upon maximum observed and maximum predicted operational taxonomic units were statistically significant when comparing autistic and control subjects with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.009 using both parametric and non-parametric estimators. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed the most difference between groups of varying severities of autism. Bacteroidetes was found at high levels in the severely autistic group, while Firmicutes were more predominant in the control group. Smaller, but significant, differences also occurred in the Actinobacterium and Proteobacterium phyla. Desulfovibrio species and Bacteroides vulgatus are present in significantly higher numbers in stools of severely autistic children than in controls. If the unique microbial flora is found to be a causative or consequent factor in this type of autism, it may have implications with regard to a specific diagnostic test, its epidemiology, and for treatment and prevention. |
| Author | Dowd, Scot E. Liu, Chengxu Gontcharova, Viktoria Wolcott, Randall D. Youn, Eunseog Summanen, Paula H. Green, John A. Granpeesheh, Doreen Dixon, Dennis Liu, Minghsun Finegold, Sydney M. Henley, Kathleen E. Molitoris, Denise R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sydney M. surname: Finegold fullname: Finegold, Sydney M. email: sidfinegol@aol.com organization: Infectious Diseases Section (111 F) and Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Scot E. surname: Dowd fullname: Dowd, Scot E. organization: Research and Testing Laboratory 4321 Marsha Sharp Freeway, Lubbock, TX 79407, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Viktoria surname: Gontcharova fullname: Gontcharova, Viktoria organization: Research and Testing Laboratory 4321 Marsha Sharp Freeway, Lubbock, TX 79407, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Chengxu surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Chengxu organization: Infectious Diseases Section (111 F) and Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Kathleen E. surname: Henley fullname: Henley, Kathleen E. organization: Evergreen Center, 516 High St., Oregon City, OR 97045, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Randall D. surname: Wolcott fullname: Wolcott, Randall D. organization: Medical Biofilm Research Institute, 4321 Marsha Sharp Freeway, Lubbock, TX 79407, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Eunseog surname: Youn fullname: Youn, Eunseog organization: Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79407, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Paula H. surname: Summanen fullname: Summanen, Paula H. organization: Infectious Diseases Section (111 F) and Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Doreen surname: Granpeesheh fullname: Granpeesheh, Doreen organization: Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD), Tarzana, CA 91356, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Dennis surname: Dixon fullname: Dixon, Dennis organization: Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD), Tarzana, CA 91356, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Minghsun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Minghsun organization: Infectious Diseases Section (111 F) and Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Denise R. surname: Molitoris fullname: Molitoris, Denise R. organization: Infectious Diseases Section (111 F) and Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: John A. surname: Green fullname: Green, John A. organization: Evergreen Center, 516 High St., Oregon City, OR 97045, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603222$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Autism Autistic Disorder Child Child, Preschool Fecal microflora Feces - microbiology Female Humans Male Metagenome Pyrosequencing Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods |
| Title | Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children |
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