Mitigation strategies for Li-ion battery thermal runaway: A review

Li-ion batteries are commercially successful power sources for diverse applications. However, the characteristics of Li-ion batteries make them susceptible to thermal runaway, resulting in fires and explosions. To mitigate safety hazards prior to the occurrence of thermal runaway, various strategies...

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Published in	Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Vol. 150; p. 111437
Main Authors	Xu, Bin, Lee, Jinwoo, Kwon, Daeil, Kong, Lingxi, Pecht, Michael
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2021
Subjects	CID Li-ion batteries PTC Safety strategies Safety vents Thermal runaway Safety strategies Li-ion batteries PTC Thermal runaway Safety vents CID
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Abstract	Li-ion batteries are commercially successful power sources for diverse applications. However, the characteristics of Li-ion batteries make them susceptible to thermal runaway, resulting in fires and explosions. To mitigate safety hazards prior to the occurrence of thermal runaway, various strategies have been applied for battery cells, as well as battery packages. This article reviews safety strategies for Li-ion batteries, including positive temperature coefficient thermistors, positive temperature coefficient electrodes, current interrupt devices, safety vents, protection circuitry, shutdown separators, electrolyte additives, safe electrolytes, passive protection designs in battery packages, and battery management systems. The trigger conditions, protection mechanisms, drawbacks, and applications of representative strategies are discussed, and potential future risk mitigation approaches are explored. •An overview is given on safety hazards in Li-ion batteries.•The thermal runaway process of Li-ion batteries is explained.•Representative safety strategies at the cell level and the package level are reviewed.•Pros and cons of reviewed safety strategies are summarized.•The challenges and future risk mitigation trends in the battery industry are discussed.
AbstractList	Li-ion batteries are commercially successful power sources for diverse applications. However, the characteristics of Li-ion batteries make them susceptible to thermal runaway, resulting in fires and explosions. To mitigate safety hazards prior to the occurrence of thermal runaway, various strategies have been applied for battery cells, as well as battery packages. This article reviews safety strategies for Li-ion batteries, including positive temperature coefficient thermistors, positive temperature coefficient electrodes, current interrupt devices, safety vents, protection circuitry, shutdown separators, electrolyte additives, safe electrolytes, passive protection designs in battery packages, and battery management systems. The trigger conditions, protection mechanisms, drawbacks, and applications of representative strategies are discussed, and potential future risk mitigation approaches are explored. •An overview is given on safety hazards in Li-ion batteries.•The thermal runaway process of Li-ion batteries is explained.•Representative safety strategies at the cell level and the package level are reviewed.•Pros and cons of reviewed safety strategies are summarized.•The challenges and future risk mitigation trends in the battery industry are discussed.
ArticleNumber	111437
Author	Xu, Bin Kong, Lingxi Lee, Jinwoo Pecht, Michael Kwon, Daeil
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Bin orcidid: 0000-0003-3312-7860 surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Bin organization: School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Jinwoo surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Jinwoo organization: School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Daeil orcidid: 0000-0003-2949-7172 surname: Kwon fullname: Kwon, Daeil email: dikwon@skku.edu organization: Department of Systems Management Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Lingxi orcidid: 0000-0001-8387-1140 surname: Kong fullname: Kong, Lingxi organization: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael orcidid: 0000-0003-1126-8662 surname: Pecht fullname: Pecht, Michael organization: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Snippet	Li-ion batteries are commercially successful power sources for diverse applications. However, the characteristics of Li-ion batteries make them susceptible to...
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SubjectTerms	CID Li-ion batteries PTC Safety strategies Safety vents Thermal runaway
Title	Mitigation strategies for Li-ion battery thermal runaway: A review
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