Synthesis, structure and reactivity of terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidene cations
The first examples of isolable terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes, [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, are reported. These are shown to be either mono- or dimeric in the solid state depending on the bulk of the aryl and NHC substituents. In the case of dinuclear systems, the ability to act as a functional source...
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Published in | Polyhedron Vol. 196; p. 115006 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2021
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Abstract | The first examples of isolable terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes, [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, are reported. These are shown to be either mono- or dimeric in the solid state depending on the bulk of the aryl and NHC substituents. In the case of dinuclear systems, the ability to act as a functional source of the monomer can demonstrated through the activation of PhSiH3 via Si–H oxidative addition.
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•The first examples of isolable structurally characterized terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes are reported.•Degree of aggregation of [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+ unit in the solid state is shown to be dependent on combined steric bulk of NHC and Ar substituents.•Monomeric germylium-ylidene cations [(IMe4)(ArTrip)Ge]+, [(IPrMe)(ArMes)Ge]+, and [(IPrMe)(ArTrip)Ge]+ are shown to be stabilized in the solid state to varying degrees by secondary interactions with the peripheral arene πi systems or CH bonds.•Dication [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, is shown to act as an functional source of the corresponding monomeric germylium-ylidene, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge]+, in its reaction with PhSiH3 which generates the monomeric GeIV species [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge(H)(SiH2Ph)]+ via Si–H oxidative addition at germanium.
The first examples of isolable two-coordinate terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes are reported. These systems, of composition [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, exploit a range of aryl and NHC substituents (ArMes, ArTrip; IMe4, IPrMe) and are isolated by employing weakly coordinating borate or aluminate counter-ions. The use of the smallest combination of substituents used in this study (IMe4 and ArMes) results in the formation of a dicationic dimer, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, which can also be viewed as an imidazolium-functionalized digermene. Increasing the steric loading (at either the NHC or terphenyl ligand) leads to the formation of the monomeric germylium-ylidene cations [(IMe4)(ArTrip)Ge]+, [(IPrMe)(ArMes)Ge]+, and [(IPrMe)(ArTrip)Ge]+, stabilized in the solid state to varying degrees by secondary interactions with the peripheral arene π systems or C–H bonds. These three systems are characterized by widening C–Ge–C angles (101.7(1), 105.0(2) and 107.2(1)°, respectively) as the steric profiles of the germanium-bound substituents increase. In the case of dication [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, its ability to act as a functional source of the corresponding monomeric germylium-ylidene, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge]+, is demonstrated through its reaction with PhSiH3 in bromobenzene solution, which generates the monomeric GeIV species [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge(H)(SiH2Ph)]+ via Si–H oxidative addition at germanium. |
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AbstractList | The first examples of isolable terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes, [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, are reported. These are shown to be either mono- or dimeric in the solid state depending on the bulk of the aryl and NHC substituents. In the case of dinuclear systems, the ability to act as a functional source of the monomer can demonstrated through the activation of PhSiH3 via Si–H oxidative addition.
[Display omitted]
•The first examples of isolable structurally characterized terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes are reported.•Degree of aggregation of [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+ unit in the solid state is shown to be dependent on combined steric bulk of NHC and Ar substituents.•Monomeric germylium-ylidene cations [(IMe4)(ArTrip)Ge]+, [(IPrMe)(ArMes)Ge]+, and [(IPrMe)(ArTrip)Ge]+ are shown to be stabilized in the solid state to varying degrees by secondary interactions with the peripheral arene πi systems or CH bonds.•Dication [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, is shown to act as an functional source of the corresponding monomeric germylium-ylidene, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge]+, in its reaction with PhSiH3 which generates the monomeric GeIV species [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge(H)(SiH2Ph)]+ via Si–H oxidative addition at germanium.
The first examples of isolable two-coordinate terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes are reported. These systems, of composition [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, exploit a range of aryl and NHC substituents (ArMes, ArTrip; IMe4, IPrMe) and are isolated by employing weakly coordinating borate or aluminate counter-ions. The use of the smallest combination of substituents used in this study (IMe4 and ArMes) results in the formation of a dicationic dimer, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, which can also be viewed as an imidazolium-functionalized digermene. Increasing the steric loading (at either the NHC or terphenyl ligand) leads to the formation of the monomeric germylium-ylidene cations [(IMe4)(ArTrip)Ge]+, [(IPrMe)(ArMes)Ge]+, and [(IPrMe)(ArTrip)Ge]+, stabilized in the solid state to varying degrees by secondary interactions with the peripheral arene π systems or C–H bonds. These three systems are characterized by widening C–Ge–C angles (101.7(1), 105.0(2) and 107.2(1)°, respectively) as the steric profiles of the germanium-bound substituents increase. In the case of dication [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge=Ge(ArMes)(IMe4)]2+, its ability to act as a functional source of the corresponding monomeric germylium-ylidene, [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge]+, is demonstrated through its reaction with PhSiH3 in bromobenzene solution, which generates the monomeric GeIV species [(IMe4)(ArMes)Ge(H)(SiH2Ph)]+ via Si–H oxidative addition at germanium. |
ArticleNumber | 115006 |
Author | Mangan, Robert J. Sindlinger, Christian P. Hicks, Jamie Thompson, Amber L. Davies, Alexander R. Aldridge, Simon |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Robert J. surname: Mangan fullname: Mangan, Robert J. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Alexander R. surname: Davies fullname: Davies, Alexander R. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Jamie surname: Hicks fullname: Hicks, Jamie organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Christian P. surname: Sindlinger fullname: Sindlinger, Christian P. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Amber L. surname: Thompson fullname: Thompson, Amber L. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Simon surname: Aldridge fullname: Aldridge, Simon email: Simon.Aldridge@chem.ox.ac.uk organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Snippet | The first examples of isolable terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidenes, [(NHC)(Ar)Ge]+, are reported. These are shown to be either mono- or dimeric in the... |
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SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 115006 |
SubjectTerms | Bond activation Cation Germanium Low valent N-Heterocyclic carbene |
Title | Synthesis, structure and reactivity of terphenyl-substituted germylium-ylidene cations |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2020.115006 |
Volume | 196 |
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