Employing photoacoustic spectroscopy in the evaluation of the skin permeation profile of emulsion containing antioxidant phenolic-rich extract of Melochia arenosa

Context: Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a topical formulation containing antioxidant phenolic-ric...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPharmaceutical biology Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 139 - 145
Main Authors Tunin, Luana Magri, Borghi, Fernanda Belincanta, Nogueira, Ana Claudia, Higachi, Luciana, Barbosa, Décio Sabbatini, Baesso, Mauro Luciano, Hernandes, Luzmarina, Diniz, Andréa, Torrado Truiti, Maria da Conceição
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Informa Healthcare 02.01.2016
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Context: Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a topical formulation containing antioxidant phenolic-rich extract of M. arenosa and to evaluate its skin permeation profile. Materials and methods: Response surface methodology was used to maximize the total phenolic (TP) content of the extract and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and respiratory burst methods. An emulsion containing 1% optimized extract (OE) was developed and employed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for the determination of its skin permeation profile. The morphology of the skin was studied in histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results and discussion: The optimum conditions predicted for the major extractive efficiency of the phenolics with 100% ethanol led extraction time 101 h and plant:solvent proportion 1:13.5 (w/v). OE presented TP = 724.6 ± 8.2 mg GAE/g extract and scavenging capacity of DPPH (IC 50 value = 11.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL) and ABTS radicals (IC 50 value = 35.42 ± 0.48 µg/mL). The production of ROS by neutrophils after stimulation with phorbol miristate acetate was lower when the OE was present in the reaction medium, endorsing its high antioxidant capacity. The data obtained by PAS indicated that the OE present in the emulsion has permeated and was distributed in the whole skin. No histopathological alterations were observed in the histological analysis. Conclusion: The formulation developed is a promising tool for skin care and could prevent the damage caused by oxidative stress.
AbstractList Context: Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a topical formulation containing antioxidant phenolic-rich extract of M. arenosa and to evaluate its skin permeation profile. Materials and methods: Response surface methodology was used to maximize the total phenolic (TP) content of the extract and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and respiratory burst methods. An emulsion containing 1% optimized extract (OE) was developed and employed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for the determination of its skin permeation profile. The morphology of the skin was studied in histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results and discussion: The optimum conditions predicted for the major extractive efficiency of the phenolics with 100% ethanol led extraction time 101 h and plant:solvent proportion 1:13.5 (w/v). OE presented TP = 724.6 ± 8.2 mg GAE/g extract and scavenging capacity of DPPH (IC 50 value = 11.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL) and ABTS radicals (IC 50 value = 35.42 ± 0.48 µg/mL). The production of ROS by neutrophils after stimulation with phorbol miristate acetate was lower when the OE was present in the reaction medium, endorsing its high antioxidant capacity. The data obtained by PAS indicated that the OE present in the emulsion has permeated and was distributed in the whole skin. No histopathological alterations were observed in the histological analysis. Conclusion: The formulation developed is a promising tool for skin care and could prevent the damage caused by oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential. The objective of this study is to develop a topical formulation containing antioxidant phenolic-rich extract of M. arenosa and to evaluate its skin permeation profile. Response surface methodology was used to maximize the total phenolic (TP) content of the extract and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and respiratory burst methods. An emulsion containing 1% optimized extract (OE) was developed and employed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for the determination of its skin permeation profile. The morphology of the skin was studied in histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The optimum conditions predicted for the major extractive efficiency of the phenolics with 100% ethanol led extraction time 101 h and plant:solvent proportion 1:13.5 (w/v). OE presented TP = 724.6 ± 8.2 mg GAE/g extract and scavenging capacity of DPPH (IC50 value = 11.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL) and ABTS radicals (IC50 value = 35.42 ± 0.48 µg/mL). The production of ROS by neutrophils after stimulation with phorbol miristate acetate was lower when the OE was present in the reaction medium, endorsing its high antioxidant capacity. The data obtained by PAS indicated that the OE present in the emulsion has permeated and was distributed in the whole skin. No histopathological alterations were observed in the histological analysis. The formulation developed is a promising tool for skin care and could prevent the damage caused by oxidative stress.
Author Nogueira, Ana Claudia
Hernandes, Luzmarina
Tunin, Luana Magri
Borghi, Fernanda Belincanta
Higachi, Luciana
Torrado Truiti, Maria da Conceição
Barbosa, Décio Sabbatini
Baesso, Mauro Luciano
Diniz, Andréa
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Luana Magri
  surname: Tunin
  fullname: Tunin, Luana Magri
  organization: Departamento de Farmácia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Fernanda Belincanta
  surname: Borghi
  fullname: Borghi, Fernanda Belincanta
  organization: Departamento de Farmácia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ana Claudia
  surname: Nogueira
  fullname: Nogueira, Ana Claudia
  organization: Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Luciana
  surname: Higachi
  fullname: Higachi, Luciana
  organization: Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Décio Sabbatini
  surname: Barbosa
  fullname: Barbosa, Décio Sabbatini
  organization: Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Mauro Luciano
  surname: Baesso
  fullname: Baesso, Mauro Luciano
  organization: Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Luzmarina
  surname: Hernandes
  fullname: Hernandes, Luzmarina
  organization: Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Andréa
  surname: Diniz
  fullname: Diniz, Andréa
  organization: Departamento de Farmácia
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Maria da Conceição
  surname: Torrado Truiti
  fullname: Torrado Truiti, Maria da Conceição
  email: mcttruiti@uem.br
  organization: Departamento de Farmácia
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25857682$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kM1O3TAQhS0E4q99BFBeILd2HNvJDoSgRaJiA-to4ky4BseObN-W-zp9UhwusOxqRjPfmaM5J2TfeYeEnDG64oy2PxhvGlrRdlVRJlaMVqxhao8cM1XXpWBM7uc-M-UCHZGTGJ8ppYJzcUiOKtEIJZvqmPy7nmbrt8Y9FfPaJw_ab2Iyuogz6hR81H7eFsYVaY0F_gG7gWS8K_z4PokveTVjmHA3noMfjcVljdPGxmWmvUtg3GIBLlOvZsg126Hz1ugyGL0u8DUF0GkR_kbr9dpAASETEb6RgxFsxO8f9ZQ83lw_XP0q7-5_3l5d3pWaS5lKLvtaKd2jkFjXAAp5pRmC6uuW0qbuJc1PD23VCz7ymqlKtVxIxoRqJcWBnxKxu6vz2zHg2M3BTBC2HaPdknn3mXm3ZN59ZJ515zvdvOknHL5UnyFn4GIHGDf6MMFfH-zQJdhaH8YATpu43P-fxxvAiZap
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2023_123878
crossref_primary_10_1080_13880209_2016_1266673
crossref_primary_10_3367_UFNr_2021_05_038976
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3RA04739C
crossref_primary_10_1590_s2175_97902020000318637
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pacs_2019_100151
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdpdt_2017_06_016
crossref_primary_10_3367_UFNe_2021_05_038976
crossref_primary_10_3390_gels7030120
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules25245875
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003
10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.004
10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
10.1007/s10068-010-0179-7
10.1039/an9941900561
10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
10.1590/S0100-879X2005001200016
10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.059
10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.037
10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.019
10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00477-5
10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00197.x
10.1590/S0365-05962011000300013
10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.002
10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.03.003
10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
10.1080/13880200600879005
10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.12.021
10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.050
10.1590/S1516-93322007000200002
10.1007/s11095-010-0279-3
10.1067/mjd.2003.16
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 2015
Copyright_xml – notice: 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 2015
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.3109/13880209.2015.1021817
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology
EISSN 1744-5116
EndPage 145
ExternalDocumentID 10_3109_13880209_2015_1021817
25857682
1021817
Genre Original Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
00X
0R~
0YH
123
29O
4.4
ABDBF
ABPTK
ACGEJ
ACGFS
ADCVX
ADRBQ
ADXPE
AENEX
AEYQI
AFKVX
AJWEG
ALIIL
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARJSQ
BABNJ
COF
CS3
DU5
EAL
EAP
EBD
EBS
EJD
EMK
EMOBN
EPL
EPT
EST
ESX
F5P
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HZ~
J.N
KTTOD
M4Z
ML~
O9-
P2P
Q~Q
SV3
TFDNU
TFL
TFW
TUS
V1S
~1N
53G
5VS
7X7
8FI
8FJ
AAHBH
AALIY
ABUWG
ADBBV
AFKRA
ALIPV
AOIJS
AWYRJ
BCNDV
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CAG
CCPQU
CGR
CUY
CVF
CZDIS
DRXRE
DWTOO
ECM
EIF
FYUFA
HMCUK
HYE
M44
NPM
NUSFT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
RPM
TDBHL
UKHRP
AAYXX
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-36b477cbe56e44aa7e32c1ea7b490084b60857d92b53f34172793561157960ed3
IEDL.DBID 0YH
ISSN 1388-0209
IngestDate Fri Aug 23 01:33:55 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 07:56:19 EDT 2024
Tue Jun 13 19:51:28 EDT 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords Central composite design
skin care
skin penetration
oxidative stress
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c366t-36b477cbe56e44aa7e32c1ea7b490084b60857d92b53f34172793561157960ed3
PMID 25857682
PageCount 7
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_3109_13880209_2015_1021817
pubmed_primary_25857682
informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_3109_13880209_2015_1021817
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2016-01-02
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2016-01-02
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2016
  text: 2016-01-02
  day: 02
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
PublicationTitle Pharmaceutical biology
PublicationTitleAlternate Pharm Biol
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher Informa Healthcare
Publisher_xml – name: Informa Healthcare
References Moreira EA (CIT0013) 1979; 47
CIT0010
CIT0012
CIT0011
Singleton VL (CIT0022) 1965; 16
CIT0014
CIT0015
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (CIT0001) 2010; 1
CIT0018
CIT0017
CIT0019
Rodrigues MI (CIT0016) 2009
Costa AF (CIT0004) 2001
CIT0021
CIT0020
Gunasegaran R (CIT0007) 1980; 19
Tripathi RC (CIT0023) 2010; 87
CIT0003
CIT0025
CIT0002
CIT0024
CIT0005
CIT0027
CIT0026
CIT0006
CIT0028
CIT0009
CIT0008
References_xml – volume: 87
  start-page: 511
  year: 2010
  ident: CIT0023
  publication-title: J Indian Chem Soc
  contributor:
    fullname: Tripathi RC
– ident: CIT0011
  doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003
– ident: CIT0005
  doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.004
– ident: CIT0027
  doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
– ident: CIT0010
  doi: 10.1007/s10068-010-0179-7
– ident: CIT0002
  doi: 10.1039/an9941900561
– volume: 16
  start-page: 144
  year: 1965
  ident: CIT0022
  publication-title: Am J Enol Vitic
  doi: 10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
  contributor:
    fullname: Singleton VL
– ident: CIT0025
  doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2005001200016
– volume: 1
  volume-title: Farmacopéia Brasileira
  year: 2010
  ident: CIT0001
  contributor:
    fullname: Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
– ident: CIT0014
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.059
– volume-title: Farmacognosia
  year: 2001
  ident: CIT0004
  contributor:
    fullname: Costa AF
– ident: CIT0018
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.037
– ident: CIT0021
  doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.019
– ident: CIT0017
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00477-5
– ident: CIT0024
  doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00197.x
– ident: CIT0019
  doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962011000300013
– volume: 47
  start-page: 3
  year: 1979
  ident: CIT0013
  publication-title: Tribuna Farmacêutica
  contributor:
    fullname: Moreira EA
– volume: 19
  start-page: 821
  year: 1980
  ident: CIT0007
  publication-title: Indian J Chem
  contributor:
    fullname: Gunasegaran R
– ident: CIT0008
  doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.002
– ident: CIT0028
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.03.003
– ident: CIT0003
  doi: 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
– ident: CIT0026
  doi: 10.1080/13880200600879005
– ident: CIT0006
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.12.021
– volume-title: Planejamento de Experimentos e Otimização de Processos
  year: 2009
  ident: CIT0016
  contributor:
    fullname: Rodrigues MI
– ident: CIT0009
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.050
– ident: CIT0020
  doi: 10.1590/S1516-93322007000200002
– ident: CIT0012
  doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0279-3
– ident: CIT0015
  doi: 10.1067/mjd.2003.16
SSID ssj0005335
Score 2.1748602
Snippet Context: Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial...
Oxidative stress is an important factor modulating skin alterations. Melochia arenosa Benth. (Malvaceae) is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial activity and...
SourceID crossref
pubmed
informaworld
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 139
SubjectTerms Administration, Cutaneous
Animals
Antioxidants - administration & dosage
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - isolation & purification
Antioxidants - metabolism
Central composite design
Emulsions
Humans
Male
Malvaceae - chemistry
Neutrophils - drug effects
Neutrophils - metabolism
oxidative stress
Permeability
Phenols - administration & dosage
Phenols - chemistry
Phenols - isolation & purification
Phenols - metabolism
Photoacoustic Techniques
Phytotherapy
Plant Components, Aerial
Plant Extracts - administration & dosage
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Plant Extracts - isolation & purification
Plant Extracts - metabolism
Plants, Medicinal
Rats, Wistar
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Respiratory Burst - drug effects
Skin - metabolism
Skin Absorption
skin care
skin penetration
Spectrum Analysis
Time Factors
Title Employing photoacoustic spectroscopy in the evaluation of the skin permeation profile of emulsion containing antioxidant phenolic-rich extract of Melochia arenosa
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880209.2015.1021817
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25857682
Volume 54
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEF60XryIb-uLOUhPXW1em-YoohSh0kMLegrZZEKL2hSbgv07_lJndlNrBb14Cskym8MkM98sM98nxIVWQZq1Ii1ViKn0leNIioGexNzFlOBy2jb0xd0H1Rn494_BoptwWrVVcg2dW6IIE6v55060USBhHssrhwlM3BaPmTgBcw9QlgrXxQZTlbOIQeups-zy8IzGJptItrFDPL9vs5KeVshLf-BOk3_utsVWBRzh2np6R6zheFc0epZ5et6E_nKQatqEBvSWnNTzPfFhlX0pT8FkWJQFLRgZLzCTlsxoWUzmMBoD4UFYMoBDkZsn02damlAQtwgTKqVvXsbX2QufuAE3vVu5CUi4hfJ9lNEVuIeMuYclBdwhUCrgsSw27CLl0eEoAR5HK6bJvhjc3fZvOrKSZ5Cpp1QpPaX9MEw1Bgp9P0lC9NzUwSTUfsQ0_Voxe34WuTrwckqWhJQij-Caw-OvLcy8A1EbF2M8EqAyVysfMcp4tqqNbUSfds-Vk6tMJ1ldXC68Ek8sC0dM1Qu7MV64MWY3xpUb6yL67ru4NMcfudUqYbs_bQ-to79e5VJNRWWZe_yPXU_EJt3a0xv3VNTKtxmeEZ4p9bn5Yj8BZQruZA
link.rule.ids 314,780,784,27502,27924,27925,59143,59144
linkProvider Taylor & Francis
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEF58HPQivt86B-nJ1Tw3zVFEqY9KDy3oKWSTCS1qU2wE-3f8pc7sVlsFvXgKZJjNYTbzYr5vhDjSKsxyJ9ZSRZjJQLmuJB_oSyw8zChdzuqGvrh5pxqd4Po-vJ_CwvBYJdfQhSWKML6af25uRp-aEtOJT11mMPEcxpm4IZMPUJiKZsV8GFN5QHfaeWhMxjx8s2STVSTrWBTP78d8i0_f2Et_JJ4mAF0ui6Vx5ghn1tQrYgb7q6LWstTTo2NoT5BUw2OoQWtCSj1aE-92tS8FKhh0y6okgdnjBQZqyZSW5WAEvT5QQggTCnAoC_Nm-EiiAXlxm2LCeNU3i_H59YlbbsBT73bfBKQ8Q_nWy-kJPETG5MOSPG4XKBYwLosVm0iBtNtLgfFo5TBdF53Li_Z5Q473M8jMV6qSvtJBFGUaQ4VBkKYR-l7mYhrpIGaefq2YPj-PPR36BUVLSpVin_I1l_GvDub-hpjrl33cEqByT6sAMc4ZXFXHOmJApxfKLVSu03xbnHxaJRlYGo6Eyhc2Y_JpxoTNmIzNuC3iadsllel_FHZZCev9qbtpDf31KY-KKqrLvJ1_nHooFhrt5m1ye3V3sysWSWRbOd6emKteXnGfkptKH5jb-wFRMPHT
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1NT9tAEF2VVKp6QVCgfLZzQJzY4s91fERAFNqCcgCpPVle71iJgNgiRiJ_h1_KzK7TkEpw4WTJq1kfZj3vzWrmjRD7WsWF8VItVYKFjJTvS4qBocQywILoctG18sUXl6p_Hf38E8-qCSdtWSXn0KUTirCxmn_u2pRHNsP00iOfBUwCj9tM_Ji1BwilkiXxMU4J_OlIe3_78yqP0M7YZBPJNq6J5_VtFuBpQbz0P95p8ae3IpZb4gjHztOr4gOOv4iDgVOenh7C1byRanIIBzCYa1JP18STm-xLOAX1sGoqWrBjvMB2WrKiZVVPYTQG4oMwVwCHqrRvJje0VFMQdwwT2knfvIx3D7d84wZc9O7GTUDOJZSPI0NP4Boy1h6WFHCHQFDAbVlseIGEo8NRDtyOVk3ydXHdO7s66ct2PIMsQqUaGSodJUmhMVYYRXmeYBgUPuaJjlKW6deK1fNNGug4LAksiSmlIdE1n9tfPTThhuiMqzFuClAm0CpCTA33VnWxixjR7qXyS2V0brbEj5lXstqpcGSUvbAbs5kbM3Zj1rpxS6QvfZc19vqjdLNK2O5N26_O0f8-FVBORWlZsP2OXb-LT4PTXvb7_PLXjvhMK-4iJ9gVneb-AfeI2jT6mz28z9ls8Pw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Employing+photoacoustic+spectroscopy+in+the+evaluation+of+the+skin+permeation+profile+of+emulsion+containing+antioxidant+phenolic-rich+extract+of+Melochia+arenosa&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutical+biology&rft.au=Tunin%2C+Luana+Magri&rft.au=Borghi%2C+Fernanda+Belincanta&rft.au=Nogueira%2C+Ana+Claudia&rft.au=Higachi%2C+Luciana&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft.issn=1388-0209&rft.eissn=1744-5116&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.epage=145&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109%2F13880209.2015.1021817&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3109_13880209_2015_1021817
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1388-0209&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1388-0209&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1388-0209&client=summon