Assessment of undergraduate students in tooth extraction competence— A cohort study
Aim The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. Methods Following ethics approval, the study employed purposive sampling to enrol final‐year BDS students and asses...
Saved in:
Published in | European journal of dental education Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 607 - 613 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.08.2021
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Aim
The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students.
Methods
Following ethics approval, the study employed purposive sampling to enrol final‐year BDS students and assess their competence longitudinally over a full academic year. Students were assessed periodically on four separate occasions after they had gained experience in performing 15, 40, 70 and 100 patient encounters involving tooth extractions.
Results
There were 177 students with complete profiles completing the tooth extraction assessments including 31 males (18%) and 146 females (82%). The age range of participants was 22 to 24 years (mean = 21.92; median = 22). The total number of assessment data points available for the four assessments was 1062. A chi‐squared test was carried out to test the hypothesis that competence in tooth extraction increases with increasing exposure to patients. Students in Group 100 were most likely to pass the competency, whilst students in Group 15 were most likely to fail. There was a statistically significant variation in the proportion of “Below Standard,” “Meets Standard” and “Exceeds Standard” judgements awarded to students with differing levels of prior experience (p < .001). Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. Analysis of assessment results for differential performance of students by gender did not show significant differences.
Conclusions
The results of this study show a positive relationship between the number of tooth extractions performed and competence of final‐year dental students. Over 90% students achieved competence after performing 100 patient encounters. Although competence in tooth extractions showed a linear relationship with experience of the participants in this study, the data were collected from a single cohort of students at one institution. Further multi‐institution studies involving several cohorts are required to further explore the value of increased experience. |
---|---|
AbstractList | AIMThe aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. METHODSFollowing ethics approval, the study employed purposive sampling to enrol final-year BDS students and assess their competence longitudinally over a full academic year. Students were assessed periodically on four separate occasions after they had gained experience in performing 15, 40, 70 and 100 patient encounters involving tooth extractions. RESULTSThere were 177 students with complete profiles completing the tooth extraction assessments including 31 males (18%) and 146 females (82%). The age range of participants was 22 to 24 years (mean = 21.92; median = 22). The total number of assessment data points available for the four assessments was 1062. A chi-squared test was carried out to test the hypothesis that competence in tooth extraction increases with increasing exposure to patients. Students in Group 100 were most likely to pass the competency, whilst students in Group 15 were most likely to fail. There was a statistically significant variation in the proportion of "Below Standard," "Meets Standard" and "Exceeds Standard" judgements awarded to students with differing levels of prior experience (p < .001). Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. Analysis of assessment results for differential performance of students by gender did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study show a positive relationship between the number of tooth extractions performed and competence of final-year dental students. Over 90% students achieved competence after performing 100 patient encounters. Although competence in tooth extractions showed a linear relationship with experience of the participants in this study, the data were collected from a single cohort of students at one institution. Further multi-institution studies involving several cohorts are required to further explore the value of increased experience. Aim The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. Methods Following ethics approval, the study employed purposive sampling to enrol final‐year BDS students and assess their competence longitudinally over a full academic year. Students were assessed periodically on four separate occasions after they had gained experience in performing 15, 40, 70 and 100 patient encounters involving tooth extractions. Results There were 177 students with complete profiles completing the tooth extraction assessments including 31 males (18%) and 146 females (82%). The age range of participants was 22 to 24 years (mean = 21.92; median = 22). The total number of assessment data points available for the four assessments was 1062. A chi‐squared test was carried out to test the hypothesis that competence in tooth extraction increases with increasing exposure to patients. Students in Group 100 were most likely to pass the competency, whilst students in Group 15 were most likely to fail. There was a statistically significant variation in the proportion of “Below Standard,” “Meets Standard” and “Exceeds Standard” judgements awarded to students with differing levels of prior experience (p < .001). Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. Analysis of assessment results for differential performance of students by gender did not show significant differences. Conclusions The results of this study show a positive relationship between the number of tooth extractions performed and competence of final‐year dental students. Over 90% students achieved competence after performing 100 patient encounters. Although competence in tooth extractions showed a linear relationship with experience of the participants in this study, the data were collected from a single cohort of students at one institution. Further multi‐institution studies involving several cohorts are required to further explore the value of increased experience. Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. Methods Following ethics approval, the study employed purposive sampling to enrol final‐year BDS students and assess their competence longitudinally over a full academic year. Students were assessed periodically on four separate occasions after they had gained experience in performing 15, 40, 70 and 100 patient encounters involving tooth extractions. Results There were 177 students with complete profiles completing the tooth extraction assessments including 31 males (18%) and 146 females (82%). The age range of participants was 22 to 24 years (mean = 21.92; median = 22). The total number of assessment data points available for the four assessments was 1062. A chi‐squared test was carried out to test the hypothesis that competence in tooth extraction increases with increasing exposure to patients. Students in Group 100 were most likely to pass the competency, whilst students in Group 15 were most likely to fail. There was a statistically significant variation in the proportion of “Below Standard,” “Meets Standard” and “Exceeds Standard” judgements awarded to students with differing levels of prior experience ( p < .001). Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. Analysis of assessment results for differential performance of students by gender did not show significant differences. Conclusions The results of this study show a positive relationship between the number of tooth extractions performed and competence of final‐year dental students. Over 90% students achieved competence after performing 100 patient encounters. Although competence in tooth extractions showed a linear relationship with experience of the participants in this study, the data were collected from a single cohort of students at one institution. Further multi‐institution studies involving several cohorts are required to further explore the value of increased experience. |
Author | Qazi, Haroon Shahid Ali, Kamran Glanville, Rebecca Siddiqi, Khalid |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kamran orcidid: 0000-0002-3122-6729 surname: Ali fullname: Ali, Kamran email: kamran.ali@plymouth.ac.uk organization: University of Plymouth Peninsula Dental School – sequence: 2 givenname: Haroon Shahid surname: Qazi fullname: Qazi, Haroon Shahid organization: IM&DC – sequence: 3 givenname: Khalid surname: Siddiqi fullname: Siddiqi, Khalid organization: IM&DC – sequence: 4 givenname: Rebecca orcidid: 0000-0002-6613-8024 surname: Glanville fullname: Glanville, Rebecca organization: University of Plymouth Peninsula Dental School |
BookMark | eNp1kM9OAjEQxhuDiYAefINNvOhhsX9o2R4JwX8h8SLnpt2dlSVLi203ys2H8Al9Egt4MnEuM5P5fV8m3wD1rLOA0CXBI5LqFtYwIlSw4gT1icA4x3wie2lmUuS8KNgZGoSwxhgXnOE-Wk5DgBA2YGPm6qyzFfhXr6tOR8hC7Kp0CFljs-hcXGXwEb0uY-NsVrrNFiLYEr4_v7Jp2lfOx4Nmd45Oa90GuPjtQ7S8m7_MHvLF8_3jbLrISyZ4kZeVMJOKMFJp0EZgIqiEWmCYEEO1wUYaA1JQqMsatCwYYzUfY8MZo1gawYbo-ui79e6tgxDVpgkltK224Lqg6FgkSyrwJKFXf9C167xN3ynKx1JyzOmeujlSpXcheKjV1jcb7XeKYLUPWKWA1SHgxN4e2femhd3_oJo_zY-KH3d_f_I |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_12936 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_57746 crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_12976 crossref_primary_10_3390_dj10070125 crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_12981 crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_12870 |
Cites_doi | 10.1111/eje.12260 10.1038/bdjopen.2015.2 10.3109/01421598909146317 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00455.x 10.3109/00016357.2010.517560 10.1002/j.0022-0337.1994.58.5.tb02862.x 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.52 10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.45 10.1111/eje.12191 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2009.00609.x 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01438.x 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00646.x 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2008.00537.x 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02447.x 10.1111/eje.12389 10.1111/tct.12701 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd – notice: Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7QP K9. NAPCQ 7X8 |
DOI | 10.1111/eje.12638 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) CrossRef |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Dentistry |
EISSN | 1600-0579 |
EndPage | 613 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1111_eje_12638 EJE12638 |
Genre | article |
GroupedDBID | --- .3N .GA .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1OC 29G 31~ 33P 34H 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52S 52T 52U 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AAHSB AAKAS AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABJNI ABLJU ABPVW ABQWH ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFO ACGFS ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZCM ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFEBI AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFZJQ AHBTC AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE AJXKR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AUFTA AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMNLL BMXJE BNHUX BROTX BRXPI BY8 C45 CAG COF CS3 D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRSTM DU5 EBD EBS EJD F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE G-S G.N GODZA H.T H.X HF~ HGLYW HVGLF HZI HZ~ IHE IX1 J0M K48 LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRSTM MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OIG OVD P2P P2W P2X P4D PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K ROL RX1 SUPJJ TEORI UB1 V8K W8V W99 WBKPD WBNRW WIH WIK WOHZO WPGGZ WQJ WRC WXSBR XG1 YUY ZZTAW ~IA ~WT AAYXX CITATION 7QP K9. NAPCQ 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3658-cd6b7d131daeab601629ef60e71b2ab0b9bbe962efcfea98333f540b533209b63 |
IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
ISSN | 1396-5883 |
IngestDate | Sat Aug 17 00:27:12 EDT 2024 Fri Sep 13 01:27:56 EDT 2024 Wed Aug 28 12:35:11 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 24 01:01:09 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 3 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3658-cd6b7d131daeab601629ef60e71b2ab0b9bbe962efcfea98333f540b533209b63 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-6613-8024 0000-0002-3122-6729 |
OpenAccessLink | https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/10026.1/16696/1/Assessment%20of%20Undergraduate%20Students%20in%20Tooth%20Extraction%20Competence%20EJE-20-4029.R1%20Accepted%20version.pdf |
PQID | 2549950527 |
PQPubID | 29137 |
PageCount | 7 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2466292607 proquest_journals_2549950527 crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_12638 wiley_primary_10_1111_eje_12638_EJE12638 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | August 2021 2021-08-00 20210801 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-08-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2021 text: August 2021 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Oxford |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford |
PublicationTitle | European journal of dental education |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
References | 2015; 1 2015; 12 2009; 13 1989; 11 2010; 14 2006; 40 2020 2017; 21 2008 1994; 58 2003; 37 2015 2011; 15 2011; 69 2018; 22 2007; 11 2011; 210 2018; 15 e_1_2_9_20_1 Hupp MR (e_1_2_9_15_1) 2008 e_1_2_9_11_1 e_1_2_9_22_1 e_1_2_9_10_1 e_1_2_9_21_1 e_1_2_9_13_1 e_1_2_9_12_1 e_1_2_9_8_1 e_1_2_9_7_1 e_1_2_9_6_1 e_1_2_9_5_1 e_1_2_9_4_1 e_1_2_9_3_1 Cowpe J (e_1_2_9_2_1) 2010; 14 e_1_2_9_9_1 e_1_2_9_14_1 e_1_2_9_17_1 e_1_2_9_16_1 e_1_2_9_19_1 e_1_2_9_18_1 |
References_xml | – volume: 14 start-page: 93 issue: 4 year: 2010 end-page: 202 article-title: Profile and competences for the graduating European dentist–update 2009 publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 11 start-page: 145 issue: 2 year: 1989 end-page: 150 article-title: What is… normative versus criterion‐referenced assessment publication-title: Med Teach – volume: 58 start-page: 361 issue: 5 year: 1994 end-page: 366 article-title: Manual for developing and formatting competency statements publication-title: J Dent Educ – volume: 15 start-page: 377 issue: 5 year: 2018 end-page: 381 article-title: Online examiner calibration across specialties publication-title: The Clin Teach – volume: 1 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 6 article-title: Tooth extraction education at dental schools across Europe publication-title: BDJ open – volume: 15 start-page: 98 year: 2011 end-page: 103 article-title: Ready for practice? A study of confidence levels of final year dental students at Cardiff University and University College Cork publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 21 start-page: 130 issue: 2 year: 2017 article-title: Calling for a re‐evaluation of the data required to credibly demonstrate a dental student is safe and ready to practice publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 40 start-page: 450 issue: 5 year: 2006 end-page: 458 article-title: Influence of clerkship experiences on clinical competence publication-title: Med Educ – volume: 12 start-page: 45 year: 2015 article-title: Dental students’ perceptions of undergraduate clinical training in oral and maxillofacial surgery in an integrated curriculum in Saudi Arabia publication-title: J Educ Eval Health Prof – volume: 22 start-page: e745 issue: 4 year: 2018 end-page: e750 article-title: Self‐perceived preparedness of final year dental students in a developing country‐ A multi‐institution study publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 69 start-page: 80 issue: 2 year: 2011 end-page: 87 article-title: Implementation and validation of an extraction course using mannequin models for undergraduate dental students publication-title: Acta Odont Scand – year: 2020 – volume: 13 start-page: 52 issue: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 57 article-title: Oral surgery undergraduate teaching and experience in the United Kingdom: a national survey publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 22 start-page: e75 issue: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 80 article-title: Impact of early clinical exposure on the learning experience of undergraduate dental students publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – volume: 210 start-page: 95 issue: 3 year: 2011 article-title: Oral surgery services and training publication-title: Brit Dent J – volume: 37 start-page: 205 issue: 3 year: 2003 end-page: 212 article-title: Reliability and validity of the direct observation clinical encounter examination (DOCEE) publication-title: Med Ed – volume: 11 start-page: 200 year: 2007 end-page: 207 article-title: Assessing competency in dentoalveolar surgery: a 3‐year study of cumulative experience in the undergraduate curriculum publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ – start-page: 92 year: 2008 end-page: 112 – year: 2015 – ident: e_1_2_9_13_1 doi: 10.1111/eje.12260 – ident: e_1_2_9_6_1 doi: 10.1038/bdjopen.2015.2 – ident: e_1_2_9_3_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_16_1 doi: 10.3109/01421598909146317 – ident: e_1_2_9_8_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00455.x – ident: e_1_2_9_14_1 doi: 10.3109/00016357.2010.517560 – ident: e_1_2_9_5_1 doi: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.1994.58.5.tb02862.x – ident: e_1_2_9_10_1 doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.52 – ident: e_1_2_9_12_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_11_1 doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.45 – ident: e_1_2_9_22_1 doi: 10.1111/eje.12191 – volume: 14 start-page: 93 issue: 4 year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_9_2_1 article-title: Profile and competences for the graduating European dentist–update 2009 publication-title: Eur J Dent Educ doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2009.00609.x contributor: fullname: Cowpe J – ident: e_1_2_9_17_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01438.x – ident: e_1_2_9_9_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_19_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00646.x – ident: e_1_2_9_7_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2008.00537.x – start-page: 92 volume-title: Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery year: 2008 ident: e_1_2_9_15_1 contributor: fullname: Hupp MR – ident: e_1_2_9_21_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02447.x – ident: e_1_2_9_20_1 doi: 10.1111/eje.12389 – ident: e_1_2_9_4_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_18_1 doi: 10.1111/tct.12701 |
SSID | ssj0008530 |
Score | 2.321241 |
Snippet | Aim
The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of... Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor... AimThe aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final‐year Bachelor of Dental... AIMThe aim of the study was to determine the value of the number of patient encounters and tooth extractions on the competence of final-year Bachelor of Dental... |
SourceID | proquest crossref wiley |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 607 |
SubjectTerms | Clinical competence Cohort analysis competence Dental schools dental students Dental surgery Dentistry Medical education Patients Statistical analysis Students Surgery Teeth tooth extraction undergraduate University students |
Title | Assessment of undergraduate students in tooth extraction competence— A cohort study |
URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Feje.12638 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2549950527/abstract/ https://search.proquest.com/docview/2466292607 |
Volume | 25 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEF5KL3rxLVarrOLBS0qSTTYJnoq2lB48iIUehLCbzIoKqaTpQU_-CH-hv8TZzaNVEMRbILtks_P6Npn5hpBzJRLE5SqwIEpSCzUErBCkZ_mekpwroXs96GyLGz6aeOOpP22Ry7oWpuSHaD64acsw_lobuJDzFSOHJ-g5LqoP-l9NpKcB0e2SOgrDUFkhHHHLD0NWsQrpLJ5m5vdYtASYqzDVxJnhJrmvV1imlzz3FoXsJW8_yBv_-QpbZKPCn7RfKsw2aUG2Q9audc6Qbvu2Syb9hquTzhTVNWb5Qy7SBYJSOi-ZMOf0MaPFDIVM0bfnZW0ETRoI_vn-QftU997NCzPndY9MhoO7q5FV9V6wEoagxEpSLoPUYU4qQEjN2eJGoLgNgSNdIW0ZSQkRd0ElCkQUMsYUgj-J6NG1I8nZPmlnswwOCLW91BagmPI85UU8FBy4LRj4wuU-hGGHnNVSiF9Kio24PprgDsVmhzqkW8snrqxsHpvDre7EF3TIaXMb7UP_9BAZzBY4xuO4dDy14ZgLI4zfHxIPxgNzcfj3oUdk3dVpLiYnsEvaRb6AY8QphTwxCvkFRRDmGw |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,1382,27957,27958,46329,46753 |
linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NS_QwEB78OOjFb3H9jOLBS5du02Zb8LLoyr6-6kFc8CIlaSeiQle63YOe_BH-Qn-Jk3RbP0AQb4UmNM3MJM8kM88A7GuZEC7XbQejJHVIQ9AJUflO4GslhJam1oOJtrgQvb5_eh1cT8BhlQtT8kPUB27GMux6bQzcHEh_snK8x2bLI_2ZhGky98A6VJcf5FG0EZU5wpFwgjDkY14hE8dTd_26G31AzM9A1e40J_NwU42xDDB5aI4K1Uyev9E3_vUnFmBuDEFZp9SZRZjAbAlmjk3YkKn8tgz9Tk3XyQaamTSz_DaX6YhwKRuWZJhDdpexYkByZrS852V6BEtqFP728so6zJTfzQvb52kF-ifdq6OeMy6_4CSccImTpEK10xZvpRKlMrQtXoRauNhuKU8qV0VKYSQ81IlGGYWcc034TxGA9NxICb4KU9kgwzVgrp-6EjXXvq_9SIRSoHAlx0B6IsAwbMBeJYb4sWTZiCvvhGYotjPUgM1KQPHY0Iax9W9NMb52A3br12Qi5t5DZjgYURtf0NDJcaM2B1YaP38k7p527cP675vuwEzv6vwsPvt38X8DZj0T9WJDBDdhqshHuEWwpVDbVjvfAbNo6j0 |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1RS9xAEB6sgvXFqlU8a-0qPvQlRy672Uvo09G7w6qIiAc-CGE3mRUVcpLLPehTf0R_ob_E2c0lWkEQ3wLZJZudmZ1vkplvAPaNSgmXm66HcZp5pCHoRaiFFwqjpTTK9nqw2RYn8mAkDi_Cizn4VdfCVPwQzQc3axnuvLYGfpeZF0aON9juBKQ-n2BBSB5Yle6fPXNHkR-qSoRj6YVRxGe0QjaNp5n6vzN6RpgvcapzNMMvcFkvscovuW1PS91OH16xN37wHVZgeQZAWa_SmFWYw3wNPvdt0pDt-_YVRr2GrJONDbNFZsVVobIpoVI2qagwJ-w6Z-WYpMzocC-q4giWNhj88e8_1mO2-W5Rujn36zAaDs5_H3iz5gteygmVeGkmdTfr8E6mUGlL2hLEaKSP3Y4OlPZ1rDXGMkCTGlRxxDk3hP40wcfAj7XkGzCfj3PcBOaLzFdouBHCiFhGSqL0FcdQBTLEKGrBXi2F5K7i2Ejq2IR2KHE71ILtWj7JzMwmiYtubSu-bgt2m9tkIPavh8pxPKUxQtLSKWyjMT-dMN5-SDI4HLiLrfcP_QGLp_1hcvzn5OgbLAU25cXlB27DfFlM8TthllLvON18AhJg6Ow |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+undergraduate+students+in+tooth+extraction+competence%E2%80%94+A+cohort+study&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+dental+education&rft.au=Ali%2C+Kamran&rft.au=Haroon+Shahid+Qazi&rft.au=Siddiqi%2C+Khalid&rft.au=Glanville%2C+Rebecca&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Ltd&rft.issn=1396-5883&rft.eissn=1600-0579&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=607&rft.epage=613&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Feje.12638&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1396-5883&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1396-5883&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1396-5883&client=summon |