Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity

Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inBiotropica Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 81 - 89
Main Authors Emer, Carine, Jordano, Pedro, Pizo, Marco A., Ribeiro, Milton C., Silva, Fernanda R., Galetti, Mauro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2020
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity‐rich ecosystem. We found significant species–, interaction–, and network–area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist–specialist bird–plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network–area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform. in Spanish is available with online material. RESUMO Interações de dispersão de sementes formam um processo ecológico chave em florestas tropicais onde colaboram na manutenção do funcionamento do ecossistema. Porém, esta funcionalidade pode estar ameaçada pelo aumento na perda e fragmentação do habitat. Enquanto espécies generalistas e suas interações podem se beneficiar da mudança de habitat causada por distúrbios antrópicos, interações envolvendo espécies mais especialistas são, na maioria, eliminadas. Desta forma, mudanças nas redes locais, dentro de fragmentos florestais, são esperadas. Neste trabalho nós investigamos como a estrutura de redes de dispersão de sementes mudam em um gradiente de fragmentação do habitat. Nós analisamos 16 comunidades de dispersão de sementes espacialmente explícitas e distribuídas em fragmentos florestais de um ecossistema rico em biodiversidade. Nós encontramos relações significativas entre a área do fragmento e espécies, interações e estrutura das redes, sendo que o último foi determinado pelo número de espécies remanescentes em cada comunidade. O número de espécies de aves frugívoras e plantas e as interações entre eles, bem como o número de links por espécie diminuíram significativamente conforme a área dos fragmentos é perdida. Por outro lado, o aninhamento da rede mostrou uma relação negativa com a área do fragmento, sugerindo um aumento da generalização da estrutura das redes com a fragmentação do habitat. No entanto, o grau de especialização das redes não foi afetado pela área, indicando que algumas propriedades de rede podem ser resistentes à perturbação. Sendo assim, a extinção local de espécies parceiras, conjuntamente com a perda das interações e associações planta‐dispersor mais especializadas, sugere uma homogeneização do sistema conforme a área do fragmento é perdida. Nosso estudo fornece evidências empíricas para as relações rede‐área, sendo estas direcionadas pela presença e/ou ausência das espécies remanescentes bem como das interações que estas realizam.
AbstractList Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity‐rich ecosystem. We found significant species–, interaction–, and network–area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist–specialist bird–plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network–area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. Interações de dispersão de sementes formam um processo ecológico chave em florestas tropicais onde colaboram na manutenção do funcionamento do ecossistema. Porém, esta funcionalidade pode estar ameaçada pelo aumento na perda e fragmentação do habitat. Enquanto espécies generalistas e suas interações podem se beneficiar da mudança de habitat causada por distúrbios antrópicos, interações envolvendo espécies mais especialistas são, na maioria, eliminadas. Desta forma, mudanças nas redes locais, dentro de fragmentos florestais, são esperadas. Neste trabalho nós investigamos como a estrutura de redes de dispersão de sementes mudam em um gradiente de fragmentação do habitat. Nós analisamos 16 comunidades de dispersão de sementes espacialmente explícitas e distribuídas em fragmentos florestais de um ecossistema rico em biodiversidade. Nós encontramos relações significativas entre a área do fragmento e espécies, interações e estrutura das redes, sendo que o último foi determinado pelo número de espécies remanescentes em cada comunidade. O número de espécies de aves frugívoras e plantas e as interações entre eles, bem como o número de links por espécie diminuíram significativamente conforme a área dos fragmentos é perdida. Por outro lado, o aninhamento da rede mostrou uma relação negativa com a área do fragmento, sugerindo um aumento da generalização da estrutura das redes com a fragmentação do habitat. No entanto, o grau de especialização das redes não foi afetado pela área, indicando que algumas propriedades de rede podem ser resistentes à perturbação. Sendo assim, a extinção local de espécies parceiras, conjuntamente com a perda das interações e associações planta‐dispersor mais especializadas, sugere uma homogeneização do sistema conforme a área do fragmento é perdida. Nosso estudo fornece evidências empíricas para as relações rede‐área, sendo estas direcionadas pela presença e/ou ausência das espécies remanescentes bem como das interações que estas realizam.
Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity‐rich ecosystem. We found significant species–, interaction–, and network–area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist–specialist bird–plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network–area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity‐rich ecosystem. We found significant species–, interaction–, and network–area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist–specialist bird–plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network–area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform. in Spanish is available with online material. RESUMO Interações de dispersão de sementes formam um processo ecológico chave em florestas tropicais onde colaboram na manutenção do funcionamento do ecossistema. Porém, esta funcionalidade pode estar ameaçada pelo aumento na perda e fragmentação do habitat. Enquanto espécies generalistas e suas interações podem se beneficiar da mudança de habitat causada por distúrbios antrópicos, interações envolvendo espécies mais especialistas são, na maioria, eliminadas. Desta forma, mudanças nas redes locais, dentro de fragmentos florestais, são esperadas. Neste trabalho nós investigamos como a estrutura de redes de dispersão de sementes mudam em um gradiente de fragmentação do habitat. Nós analisamos 16 comunidades de dispersão de sementes espacialmente explícitas e distribuídas em fragmentos florestais de um ecossistema rico em biodiversidade. Nós encontramos relações significativas entre a área do fragmento e espécies, interações e estrutura das redes, sendo que o último foi determinado pelo número de espécies remanescentes em cada comunidade. O número de espécies de aves frugívoras e plantas e as interações entre eles, bem como o número de links por espécie diminuíram significativamente conforme a área dos fragmentos é perdida. Por outro lado, o aninhamento da rede mostrou uma relação negativa com a área do fragmento, sugerindo um aumento da generalização da estrutura das redes com a fragmentação do habitat. No entanto, o grau de especialização das redes não foi afetado pela área, indicando que algumas propriedades de rede podem ser resistentes à perturbação. Sendo assim, a extinção local de espécies parceiras, conjuntamente com a perda das interações e associações planta‐dispersor mais especializadas, sugere uma homogeneização do sistema conforme a área do fragmento é perdida. Nosso estudo fornece evidências empíricas para as relações rede‐área, sendo estas direcionadas pela presença e/ou ausência das espécies remanescentes bem como das interações que estas realizam.
Author Jordano, Pedro
Pizo, Marco A.
Emer, Carine
Galetti, Mauro
Ribeiro, Milton C.
Silva, Fernanda R.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Carine
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1258-2816
  surname: Emer
  fullname: Emer, Carine
  email: c.emer09@gmail.com
  organization: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Pedro
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2142-9116
  surname: Jordano
  fullname: Jordano, Pedro
  organization: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Marco A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3103-0371
  surname: Pizo
  fullname: Pizo, Marco A.
  organization: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Milton C.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4312-202X
  surname: Ribeiro
  fullname: Ribeiro, Milton C.
  organization: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Fernanda R.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0169-0712
  surname: Silva
  fullname: Silva, Fernanda R.
  organization: Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP)
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Mauro
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8187-8696
  surname: Galetti
  fullname: Galetti, Mauro
  organization: University of Miami
BookMark eNp1kF1PHCEUhkljk64fF_0HJL1pE0dhgBmmd2r6YWJSE_WanGUOBp2FEVjN_vuyXa-M5YZw8rxPDu8-2QsxICGfOTvh9Zwuy3zC217oD2TBeymbXrbDHlkwxrpGdKz7RPZzfqjPQTG5IOEGcaSjzzOmDBMNWF5ieszUB1pSnL2tQxcT5kJdgvsVhpK_07OEQNE5tCUf04SrAKHQKrEe6wDCWAUFE9jiY6j-56r3ZXNIPjqYMh693gfk7ueP24vfzdWfX5cXZ1eNFZ3SDZe948tRj1ozrlSrrNVs5Di6QQvplACupewQcOmYAj6IYQDuQCLoAaUUB-Trzjun-LSuy5uVzxanCQLGdTatqmXpvsYq-uUN-hDXKdTtTCtk3_JeqK3wdEfZFHNO6Iz1BbafKwn8ZDgz2_5N7d_8678mvr1JzMmvIG3eZV_tL37Czf9Bc357vUv8Bcwvl78
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_btp_13202
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_04198_8
crossref_primary_10_1111_ddi_13853
crossref_primary_10_3897_neotropical_18_e97653
crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_05838
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnc_2024_126630
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_96306_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2022_109822
crossref_primary_10_1111_btp_13065
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_avrs_2022_100046
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10021_023_00818_4
crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2021_640210
crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2022_805376
crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_4216
crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08028
crossref_primary_10_1111_1749_4877_12822
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11852_023_00964_w
crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2664_13731
crossref_primary_10_1111_cobi_14414
crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08240
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fooweb_2022_e00256
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2023_121251
crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08288
crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_09399
crossref_primary_10_1111_nph_17595
crossref_primary_10_1111_btp_13234
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2024_109103
crossref_primary_10_5194_we_22_59_2022
crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2024_2995
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2022_108216
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_soilbio_2022_108865
crossref_primary_10_1111_ddi_13602
crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_05229
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcosc_2023_1191280
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2022_1010352
crossref_primary_10_15446_caldasia_v46n2_100624
crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2023_1221
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoinf_2024_102969
crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2664_14054
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41559_021_01644_4
crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12875
crossref_primary_10_1590_1676_0611_bn_2022_1413
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fooweb_2023_e00322
crossref_primary_10_1590_1676_0611_bn_2022_1399
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.015
10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001221
10.1111/geb.12833
10.1038/srep24820
10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.026
10.1038/238413a0
10.1371/journal.pone.0128923
10.1111/ele.12245
10.1371/journal.pone.0001017
10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00739.x
10.1016/B978-0-12-396992-7.00002-2
10.1111/oik.01613
10.1038/nature10282
10.1126/science.1215320
10.2174/1874213000902010007
10.1016/j.foreco.2017.03.038
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00695.x
10.2307/3546712
10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15828.x
10.1073/pnas.0703333104
10.1002/ecy.1818
10.1086/285735
10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.020
10.1111/ele.13279
10.1111/acv.12311
10.1111/1365-2656.12448
10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022821
10.1890/10-0340.1
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01538.x
10.1371/journal.pone.0170493
10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.024
10.1098/rstb.2008.0255
10.1371/journal.pone.0040803
10.1111/nph.12989
10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6
10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88977-6
10.1038/35003563
10.1126/science.1188321
10.1079/9781845931650.0000
10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00212.x
10.1890/13-1584.1
10.1111/ecog.03592
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00045.x
10.1890/15-1673.1
10.1111/ele.12065
10.1126/science.348.6235.642-c
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021
10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.010
10.1111/btp.12233
10.1890/09-1328.1
10.1038/srep31709
10.7208/chicago/9780226118697.001.0001
10.1111/ele.12909
10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.021
10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14583.x
10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16644.x
10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00403.x
10.1111/cobi.12045
10.1038/ncomms8379
10.12688/f1000research.2-191.v2
10.1038/s41559-018-0517-3
10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054142
10.1126/science.1251817
10.1186/1472-6785-6-9
10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02086.x
10.1101/701730
10.1007/s00442-014-3056-x
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00655.x
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
Copyright © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
– notice: Copyright © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7QG
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
8FD
C1K
F1W
FR3
H95
L.G
P64
SOI
7S9
L.6
DOI 10.1111/btp.12738
DatabaseName CrossRef
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Environment Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Entomology Abstracts
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Technology Research Database
Animal Behavior Abstracts
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Ecology Abstracts
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources
Environment Abstracts
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Entomology Abstracts

AGRICOLA
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
Ecology
EISSN 1744-7429
EndPage 89
ExternalDocumentID 10_1111_btp_12738
BTP12738
Genre article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
  funderid: 2014/01986‐0; 2015/15172‐7
– fundername: CYTED Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo
  funderid: 418RT0555
GroupedDBID -DZ
-JH
-~X
.3N
.GA
.Y3
05W
0R~
10A
1OC
23N
2AX
31~
33P
3SF
4.4
42X
50Y
50Z
51W
51X
52M
52N
52O
52P
52S
52T
52U
52W
52X
53G
5GY
5HH
5LA
5VS
66C
6J9
702
7PT
8-0
8-1
8-3
8-4
8-5
8UM
930
A03
AAESR
AAEVG
AAHBH
AAHHS
AAHKG
AAHQN
AAISJ
AAKGQ
AAMNL
AANHP
AANLZ
AAONW
AAPSS
AASGY
AAXRX
AAYCA
AAZKR
ABBHK
ABCQN
ABCUV
ABEML
ABJNI
ABPLY
ABPPZ
ABPVW
ABTAH
ABTLG
ABXSQ
ACAHQ
ACBWZ
ACCFJ
ACCZN
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHIC
ACIWK
ACNCT
ACPOU
ACPRK
ACRPL
ACSCC
ACSTJ
ACXBN
ACXQS
ACYXJ
ADBBV
ADEOM
ADHSS
ADIZJ
ADKYN
ADMGS
ADNMO
ADOZA
ADULT
ADXAS
ADZMN
ADZOD
AEEZP
AEGXH
AEIGN
AEIMD
AENEX
AEPYG
AEQDE
AEUPB
AEUQT
AEUYR
AFAZZ
AFBPY
AFEBI
AFFIJ
AFFPM
AFGKR
AFNWH
AFPWT
AFRAH
AFWVQ
AFZJQ
AHBTC
AHXOZ
AI.
AIAGR
AILXY
AITYG
AIURR
AIWBW
AJBDE
AJXKR
AKPMI
ALAGY
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALUQN
ALVPJ
AMBMR
AMYDB
AQVQM
ASPBG
AS~
ATUGU
AUFTA
AVWKF
AZBYB
AZFZN
AZVAB
BAFTC
BDRZF
BFHJK
BHBCM
BMNLL
BMXJE
BNHUX
BROTX
BRXPI
BY8
CAG
CBGCD
COF
CS3
CUYZI
D-E
D-F
DC7
DCZOG
DEVKO
DOOOF
DPXWK
DR2
DRFUL
DRSTM
DU5
EBD
EBS
ECGQY
EDH
EJD
F00
F01
F04
F5P
FEDTE
G-S
G.N
GODZA
GTFYD
H.T
H.X
H13
HF~
HGD
HGLYW
HQ2
HTVGU
HVGLF
HZI
HZ~
IPSME
IX1
J0M
JAAYA
JBMMH
JBS
JEB
JENOY
JHFFW
JKQEH
JLS
JLXEF
JPM
JSODD
JST
K48
LATKE
LC2
LC3
LEEKS
LH4
LITHE
LOXES
LP6
LP7
LUTES
LW6
LYRES
MEWTI
MK4
MRFUL
MRSTM
MSFUL
MSSTM
MVM
MXFUL
MXSTM
N04
N05
N9A
NEJ
NF~
O66
O9-
OIG
P2P
P2W
P2X
P4D
PQ0
Q.N
Q11
Q5J
QB0
R.K
RBO
ROL
RX1
SA0
SUPJJ
TN5
UB1
V8K
VH1
VQA
W8V
W99
WBKPD
WH7
WIH
WIK
WNSPC
WOHZO
WQJ
WRC
WXSBR
WYISQ
XG1
ZCA
ZXP
ZY4
ZZTAW
~IA
~KM
~WT
AAYXX
ABSQW
ADXHL
AEYWJ
AGHNM
AGQPQ
AGUYK
AGYGG
CITATION
7QG
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
8FD
AAMMB
AEFGJ
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
C1K
F1W
FR3
H95
L.G
P64
SOI
7S9
L.6
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c3658-147f1bd8d88015525cc80d1edf9834f53a18446eaebf05a19399a1fa4ea89e443
IEDL.DBID DR2
ISSN 0006-3606
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 18:33:24 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 14 08:13:04 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:22:51 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:02:05 EDT 2025
Wed Jan 22 16:34:49 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3658-147f1bd8d88015525cc80d1edf9834f53a18446eaebf05a19399a1fa4ea89e443
Notes Emilio Bruna.
Nico Bluthgen.
Handling Editor
Associate Editor
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-3103-0371
0000-0002-1258-2816
0000-0002-4312-202X
0000-0003-0169-0712
0000-0002-8187-8696
0000-0003-2142-9116
OpenAccessLink http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201409
PQID 2347217354
PQPubID 976347
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2511187399
proquest_journals_2347217354
crossref_citationtrail_10_1111_btp_12738
crossref_primary_10_1111_btp_12738
wiley_primary_10_1111_btp_12738_BTP12738
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate January 2020
2020-01-00
20200101
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2020
  text: January 2020
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Hoboken
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Hoboken
PublicationTitle Biotropica
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
References 2007; 104
1982; 13
2011; 477
2013; 27
2010; 13
2017; 48
2002; 13
2010; 144
2018; 41
1999; 84
2015; 348
2017; 397
2011; 17
2014; 176
2007; 38
2014; 204
2015; 47
2018; 2
2013; 16
1974; 83
2019; 22
2003; 6
2000; 404
2009; 364
2016; 85
2008; 117
2007; 2
2014; 17
2012; 335
2007; 21
2014; 95
2012; 22
2016; 47
2018; 28
2015; 6
2010; 329
2015; 124
2006; 15
2015; 10
1995; 10
2016; 201
2009
2007
2006; 6
2005
2002
2018; 21
1972; 238
2006; 113
2016; 6
2005; 19
2012; 155
2007; 116
2017; 15
2004; 19
2005; 124
2017; 98
2011; 92
2017; 12
2019
2016; 20
2011; 43
2016
2014
2013
1995; 145
2009; 142
2009; 2
2012; 46
2010; 91
2012; 7
2016; 26
2014; 345
1967
e_1_2_7_5_1
e_1_2_7_3_1
e_1_2_7_9_1
e_1_2_7_7_1
e_1_2_7_19_1
e_1_2_7_17_1
e_1_2_7_62_1
e_1_2_7_15_1
e_1_2_7_41_1
e_1_2_7_64_1
e_1_2_7_13_1
e_1_2_7_43_1
e_1_2_7_66_1
e_1_2_7_11_1
e_1_2_7_45_1
e_1_2_7_68_1
e_1_2_7_47_1
e_1_2_7_26_1
e_1_2_7_49_1
e_1_2_7_28_1
Burnham K. P. (e_1_2_7_12_1) 2002
e_1_2_7_73_1
Cornelius C. (e_1_2_7_14_1) 2017; 15
e_1_2_7_50_1
e_1_2_7_71_1
e_1_2_7_25_1
e_1_2_7_52_1
e_1_2_7_77_1
e_1_2_7_23_1
e_1_2_7_33_1
e_1_2_7_54_1
e_1_2_7_75_1
e_1_2_7_21_1
e_1_2_7_35_1
e_1_2_7_56_1
Janzen D. H. (e_1_2_7_34_1) 1974; 83
e_1_2_7_37_1
e_1_2_7_58_1
e_1_2_7_79_1
e_1_2_7_39_1
R Development Core Team (e_1_2_7_60_1) 2014
Herrera C. M. (e_1_2_7_29_1) 2002
e_1_2_7_6_1
e_1_2_7_4_1
e_1_2_7_8_1
e_1_2_7_18_1
e_1_2_7_16_1
e_1_2_7_40_1
e_1_2_7_61_1
e_1_2_7_2_1
e_1_2_7_42_1
e_1_2_7_63_1
e_1_2_7_44_1
e_1_2_7_65_1
Howe H. F. (e_1_2_7_31_1) 2016; 6
e_1_2_7_10_1
e_1_2_7_67_1
e_1_2_7_48_1
e_1_2_7_69_1
e_1_2_7_27_1
MacArthur R. H. (e_1_2_7_46_1) 1967
e_1_2_7_72_1
e_1_2_7_51_1
e_1_2_7_70_1
e_1_2_7_30_1
e_1_2_7_53_1
e_1_2_7_76_1
e_1_2_7_24_1
e_1_2_7_32_1
e_1_2_7_55_1
e_1_2_7_74_1
e_1_2_7_22_1
e_1_2_7_57_1
e_1_2_7_20_1
e_1_2_7_36_1
e_1_2_7_59_1
e_1_2_7_78_1
e_1_2_7_38_1
References_xml – volume: 15
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  end-page: 9
  article-title: Habitat fragmentation drives inter‐population variation in dispersal behavior in a Neotropical rainforest bird
  publication-title: Perspectives in Ecology Evolution
– volume: 28
  start-page: 248
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  end-page: 261
  article-title: Seed‐dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics
  publication-title: Global Ecology and Biogeography
– year: 2009
– volume: 117
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1239
  article-title: A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: Reconciling concept and measurement
  publication-title: Oikos
– volume: 155
  start-page: 136
  year: 2012
  end-page: 140
  article-title: The ‘few winners and many losers’ paradigm revisited: Emerging prospects for tropical forest biodiversity
  publication-title: Biological Conservation
– volume: 345
  start-page: 401
  year: 2014
  end-page: 406
  article-title: Defaunation in the Anthropocene
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 38
  start-page: 567
  year: 2007
  end-page: 593
  article-title: Plant‐animal mutualistic networks: The architecture of biodiversity
  publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
– volume: 6
  start-page: 9
  year: 2006
  article-title: Measuring specialization in species interaction networks
  publication-title: BMC Ecology
– year: 2005
– volume: 6
  start-page: 31709
  year: 2016
  article-title: Endangered plant‐parrot mutualisms: Seed tolerance to predation makes parrots pervasive dispersers of the Parana pine
  publication-title: Scientific Reports
– volume: 144
  start-page: 56
  year: 2010
  end-page: 57
  article-title: The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32‐year investigation
  publication-title: Biological Conservation
– volume: 6
  start-page: 69
  year: 2003
  end-page: 81
  article-title: Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant‐animal interactions
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– volume: 348
  start-page: 642
  year: 2015
  end-page: 643
  article-title: The potential of secondary forests
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1816
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1826
  article-title: Taxonomic and functional divergence of tree assemblages in a fragmented tropical forest
  publication-title: Ecological Applications
– volume: 124
  start-page: 1031
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1039
  article-title: Keystone species in seed dispersal networks are mainly determined by dietary specialization
  publication-title: Oikos
– year: 2014
– volume: 17
  start-page: 454
  year: 2014
  end-page: 463
  article-title: Ecological, historical and evolutionary determinants of modularity in weighted seed‐dispersal networks
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– volume: 2
  year: 2007
  article-title: Habitat fragmentation, variable edge effects, and the landscape‐divergence hypothesis
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 335
  start-page: 1486
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1489
  article-title: Specialization and rarity predict non‐random loss of interactions from mutualist networks
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1729
  year: 2017
  article-title: Atlantic‐Frugivory: A plant‐frugivore interaction dataset for the Atlantic Forest
  publication-title: Ecology
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1925
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1931
  article-title: Specialization of mutualistic interaction networks decreases toward tropical latitudes
  publication-title: Current Biology
– volume: 19
  start-page: 18
  year: 2004
  end-page: 24
  article-title: Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
  publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution
– volume: 2
  start-page: 782
  year: 2018
  end-page: 790
  article-title: The spatial scaling of species interaction networks
  publication-title: Nature Ecology Evolution
– volume: 21
  start-page: 482
  year: 2007
  end-page: 494
  article-title: Persistence of forest birds in the Costa Rican agricultural countryside
  publication-title: Conservation Biology
– volume: 142
  start-page: 1141
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1153
  article-title: The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation
  publication-title: Biological Conservation
– volume: 329
  start-page: 853
  year: 2010
  end-page: 856
  article-title: Stability of ecological communities and the architecture of mutualistic and trophic networks
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 2006
  end-page: 7
  article-title: Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order
  publication-title: Global Ecology and Biogeography
– volume: 20
  start-page: 270
  year: 2016
  end-page: 281
  article-title: Defaunation and biomass collapse of mammals in the largest Atlantic Forest remnant
  publication-title: Animal Conservation
– volume: 12
  year: 2017
  article-title: High emigration propensity and low mortality on transfer drives female‐biased dispersal of in fragmented landscapes
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 113
  start-page: 174
  year: 2006
  end-page: 184
  article-title: Structure in plant‐animal interaction assemblages
  publication-title: Oikos
– volume: 48
  start-page: 25
  year: 2017
  end-page: 48
  article-title: Ecological networks across environmental gradients
  publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
– volume: 204
  start-page: 459
  year: 2014
  end-page: 473
  article-title: Experiences from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Ecological findings and conservation initiatives
  publication-title: New Phytologist
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1120
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1127
  article-title: Species abundance and asymmetric interaction strength in ecological networks
  publication-title: Oikos
– volume: 238
  start-page: 413
  year: 1972
  end-page: 414
  article-title: Will a large complex system be stable?
  publication-title: Nature
– year: 2019
– volume: 13
  start-page: 201
  year: 1982
  end-page: 228
  article-title: Ecology of seed dispersal
  publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
– volume: 27
  start-page: 763
  year: 2013
  end-page: 773
  article-title: Effects of dam‐induced landscape fragmentation on Amazonian ant‐plant mutualistic networks
  publication-title: Conservation Biology
– volume: 364
  start-page: 1693
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1699
  article-title: Food webs: A ladder for picking strawberries or a practical tool for practical problems?
  publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
– volume: 6
  start-page: 24820
  year: 2016
  article-title: The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: Cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse
  publication-title: Scientific Reports
– volume: 176
  start-page: 837
  year: 2014
  end-page: 848
  article-title: Functional importance of avian seed dispersers changes in response to human‐induced forest edges in tropical seed‐dispersal networks
  publication-title: Oecologia
– volume: 84
  start-page: 177
  year: 1999
  end-page: 192
  article-title: Are there general laws in ecology?
  publication-title: Oikos
– volume: 13
  start-page: 595
  year: 2002
  end-page: 602
  article-title: Hyperdynamism in fragmented habitats
  publication-title: Journal of Vegetation Science
– volume: 17
  start-page: 287
  year: 2011
  end-page: 296
  article-title: Forest fragmentation drives Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil to biotic homogenization
  publication-title: Diversity and Distributions
– volume: 19
  start-page: 768
  year: 2005
  end-page: 782
  article-title: Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes
  publication-title: Conservation Biology
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1899
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1909
  article-title: Local extinctions of obligate frugivores and patch size reduction disrupt the structure of seed dispersal networks
  publication-title: Ecography
– volume: 16
  start-page: 27
  year: 2013
  end-page: 38
  article-title: Species–area relationships and extinctions caused by habitat loss and fragmentation
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– year: 2007
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1459
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1474
  article-title: Mutualisms in a changing world: An evolutionary perspective
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1517
  issue: 9
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1534
  article-title: Mutualistic networks: moving closer to a predictive theory
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– volume: 10
  start-page: 58
  year: 1995
  end-page: 62
  article-title: Edge effects in fragmented forests: Implications for conservation
  publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution
– volume: 83
  start-page: 48
  year: 1974
  end-page: 53
  article-title: Deflowering of Central‐America
  publication-title: Natural History
– volume: 92
  start-page: 3
  year: 2011
  end-page: 10
  article-title: The arcsine is asinine: The analysis of proportions in ecology
  publication-title: Ecology
– volume: 104
  start-page: 18555
  year: 2007
  end-page: 18560
  article-title: Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests
  publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7379
  year: 2015
  end-page: 7379
  article-title: Functional group diversity increases with modularity in complex food webs
  publication-title: Nature Communication
– year: 2016
– volume: 47
  start-page: 333
  year: 2016
  end-page: 358
  article-title: Patterns, causes, and consequences of Anthropocene defaunation
  publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
– volume: 397
  start-page: 78
  year: 2017
  end-page: 88
  article-title: Integrating plant richness in forest patches can rescue overall biodiversity in human‐modified landscapes
  publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management
– volume: 145
  start-page: 163
  year: 1995
  end-page: 191
  article-title: Angiosperm fleshy‐fruits and seed dispersers ‐ a comparative‐analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant‐animal interactions
  publication-title: American Naturalist
– volume: 95
  start-page: 3440
  year: 2014
  end-page: 3447
  article-title: Frugivores at higher risk of extinction are the key elements of a mutualistic network
  publication-title: Ecology
– volume: 124
  start-page: 209
  year: 2005
  end-page: 216
  article-title: The effect of habitat fragmentation on communities of mutualists: A test with Amazonian ants and their host plants
  publication-title: Biological Conservation
– volume: 91
  start-page: 1740
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1747
  article-title: Deforestation homogenizes tropical parasitoid‐host networks
  publication-title: Ecology
– year: 1967
– year: 2002
– volume: 47
  start-page: 475
  year: 2015
  end-page: 483
  article-title: Movement patterns of frugivorous birds promoting functional connectivity among chaco serrano woodland fragments in Argentina
  publication-title: Biotropica
– volume: 21
  start-page: 484
  year: 2018
  end-page: 493
  article-title: Seed‐dispersal interactions in fragmented landscapes – a metanetwork approach
  publication-title: Ecology Letters
– volume: 2
  start-page: 7
  year: 2009
  end-page: 24
  article-title: Indices, graphs and null models: Analysing bipartite ecological networks
  publication-title: The Open Ecology Journal
– volume: 477
  start-page: 199
  year: 2011
  end-page: U96
  article-title: High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 201
  start-page: 38
  year: 2016
  end-page: 49
  article-title: Loss of seed dispersal before the loss of seed dispersers
  publication-title: Biological Conservation
– volume: 46
  start-page: 89
  year: 2012
  end-page: 210
  article-title: Biodiversity, species interactions and ecological networks in a fragmented world
  publication-title: Advances in Ecological Research
– volume: 10
  year: 2015
  article-title: Birds in anthropogenic landscapes: The responses of ecological groups to forest loss in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 43
  start-page: 335
  year: 2011
  end-page: 342
  article-title: Frugivory, post‐feeding flights of frugivorous birds and the movement of seeds in a Brazilian fragmented landscape
  publication-title: Biotropica
– volume: 6
  start-page: 152
  year: 2016
  end-page: 178
  article-title: Making dispersal syndromes and networks useful in tropical conservation and restoration
  publication-title: Global Ecology and Biogeography
– volume: 404
  start-page: 72
  year: 2000
  end-page: 74
  article-title: Tree species impoverishment and the future flora of the Atlantic forest of northeast Brazil
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 7
  year: 2012
  article-title: Resilient networks of ant‐plant mutualists in Amazonian forest fragments
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 85
  start-page: 240
  year: 2016
  end-page: 250
  article-title: Patterns and predictors of beta‐diversity in the fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest: A multiscale analysis of forest specialist and generalist birds
  publication-title: Journal of Animal Ecology
– year: 2013
– ident: e_1_2_7_64_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.015
– ident: e_1_2_7_32_1
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001221
– volume-title: Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information‐theoretic approach
  year: 2002
  ident: e_1_2_7_12_1
– volume: 15
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: e_1_2_7_14_1
  article-title: Habitat fragmentation drives inter‐population variation in dispersal behavior in a Neotropical rainforest bird
  publication-title: Perspectives in Ecology Evolution
– ident: e_1_2_7_20_1
  doi: 10.1111/geb.12833
– ident: e_1_2_7_57_1
  doi: 10.1038/srep24820
– ident: e_1_2_7_11_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.026
– ident: e_1_2_7_47_1
  doi: 10.1038/238413a0
– ident: e_1_2_7_53_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128923
– ident: e_1_2_7_65_1
  doi: 10.1111/ele.12245
– ident: e_1_2_7_42_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001017
– ident: e_1_2_7_45_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00739.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_27_1
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396992-7.00002-2
– ident: e_1_2_7_49_1
  doi: 10.1111/oik.01613
– ident: e_1_2_7_33_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature10282
– ident: e_1_2_7_2_1
  doi: 10.1126/science.1215320
– ident: e_1_2_7_19_1
  doi: 10.2174/1874213000902010007
– ident: e_1_2_7_24_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.03.038
– ident: e_1_2_7_59_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00695.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_43_1
  doi: 10.2307/3546712
– ident: e_1_2_7_74_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15828.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_5_1
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0703333104
– ident: e_1_2_7_8_1
  doi: 10.1002/ecy.1818
– ident: e_1_2_7_36_1
  doi: 10.1086/285735
– ident: e_1_2_7_68_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.020
– ident: e_1_2_7_73_1
  doi: 10.1111/ele.13279
– ident: e_1_2_7_25_1
  doi: 10.1111/acv.12311
– ident: e_1_2_7_52_1
  doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12448
– ident: e_1_2_7_72_1
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022821
– ident: e_1_2_7_77_1
  doi: 10.1890/10-0340.1
– ident: e_1_2_7_7_1
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818
– ident: e_1_2_7_38_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01538.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_4_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170493
– ident: e_1_2_7_48_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.024
– ident: e_1_2_7_50_1
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0255
– ident: e_1_2_7_56_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040803
– ident: e_1_2_7_35_1
  doi: 10.1111/nph.12989
– ident: e_1_2_7_79_1
  doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6
– volume: 6
  start-page: 152
  year: 2016
  ident: e_1_2_7_31_1
  article-title: Making dispersal syndromes and networks useful in tropical conservation and restoration
  publication-title: Global Ecology and Biogeography
– ident: e_1_2_7_54_1
  doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88977-6
– ident: e_1_2_7_15_1
  doi: 10.1038/35003563
– ident: e_1_2_7_70_1
  doi: 10.1126/science.1188321
– ident: e_1_2_7_17_1
  doi: 10.1079/9781845931650.0000
– ident: e_1_2_7_30_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00212.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_76_1
  doi: 10.1890/13-1584.1
– ident: e_1_2_7_16_1
  doi: 10.1111/ecog.03592
– ident: e_1_2_7_28_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00045.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_67_1
  doi: 10.1890/15-1673.1
– ident: e_1_2_7_62_1
  doi: 10.1111/ele.12065
– ident: e_1_2_7_10_1
  doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.642-c
– ident: e_1_2_7_61_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021
– volume-title: The theory of island biogeography
  year: 1967
  ident: e_1_2_7_46_1
– ident: e_1_2_7_55_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.010
– ident: e_1_2_7_75_1
  doi: 10.1111/btp.12233
– ident: e_1_2_7_39_1
  doi: 10.1890/09-1328.1
– volume-title: R: a language and environment for statistical computing
  year: 2014
  ident: e_1_2_7_60_1
– ident: e_1_2_7_69_1
  doi: 10.1038/srep31709
– volume: 83
  start-page: 48
  year: 1974
  ident: e_1_2_7_34_1
  article-title: Deflowering of Central‐America
  publication-title: Natural History
– ident: e_1_2_7_71_1
  doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226118697.001.0001
– ident: e_1_2_7_21_1
  doi: 10.1111/ele.12909
– ident: e_1_2_7_41_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.021
– ident: e_1_2_7_44_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14583.x
– volume-title: Plant‐animal interactions: An evolutionary approach
  year: 2002
  ident: e_1_2_7_29_1
– ident: e_1_2_7_3_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16644.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_37_1
  doi: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00403.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_58_1
– ident: e_1_2_7_23_1
  doi: 10.1111/cobi.12045
– ident: e_1_2_7_51_1
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms8379
– ident: e_1_2_7_13_1
  doi: 10.12688/f1000research.2-191.v2
– ident: e_1_2_7_26_1
  doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0517-3
– ident: e_1_2_7_78_1
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054142
– ident: e_1_2_7_6_1
– ident: e_1_2_7_18_1
  doi: 10.1126/science.1251817
– ident: e_1_2_7_9_1
  doi: 10.1186/1472-6785-6-9
– ident: e_1_2_7_40_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02086.x
– ident: e_1_2_7_22_1
  doi: 10.1101/701730
– ident: e_1_2_7_63_1
  doi: 10.1007/s00442-014-3056-x
– ident: e_1_2_7_66_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00655.x
SSID ssj0009504
Score 2.474654
Snippet Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be...
SourceID proquest
crossref
wiley
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 81
SubjectTerms anthropogenic activities
Area
Atlantic Forest
Biodiversity
Birds
defaunation
Dispersal
Dispersion
Disturbance
ecosystems
Empirical analysis
Environmental changes
extinction
Forest ecosystems
forest fragmentation
Fragmentation
Fragments
frugivores
Frugivory
Habitat changes
habitat destruction
Habitat fragmentation
Habitat loss
Habitats
homogenization
human disturbance
nestedness
Networks
network‐area relationship
Plant species
Seed dispersal
Seeds
Specialization
Species
Species diversity
Species extinction
species interactions
Threatened species
Tropical climate
Tropical forests
Title Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbtp.12738
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2347217354
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2511187399
Volume 52
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEA6LIHjxLa4vonjwYJe2SbapnlQUERTxAR6EkrSJiNpdut3D-uudSdt1FQXxVmjSNplM8k36zRdCdhXSJkWXe6nva4_DGuspJlJPMsaZZjy2EpOTL6-65_f84kE8tMhhkwtT6UOMN9zQM9x8jQ6u9GDCyXXZ7wSYWALzL3K1EBDdhBOCu36lwIzcLkDptaoQsnjGNb-uRZ8AcxKmunXmbI48Nl9Y0UteOsNSd9L3b-KN_2zCPJmt8Sc9qgbMAmmZfJFMVydSjuDq1KlYj5ZIfgvrGs2eUUl8ADXyii8-oM85LYteH41LAfFCU6gt1JNLlTuABxtFa5LIPi3MGxJtKOZzQki-T1WeUVSoKKp8Cnh-TQtZJvdnp3cn5159OIOXQmdD5MkjG-hMZjABoIybSFPpZ4HJbCwZt4IpiB151yijrS8U4MQ4VoFV3CgZG87ZCpnKe7lZJTSOYi01TLQ8gtswZuJuGEqhlWSZ0Na2yV5jpiStlcvxAI3XpIlgoCMT15FtsjMu2q_kOn4qtNHYOqk9dpCEjEMwHDHB22R7fBt8DX-gqNz0hlAG0GkgI2gJfJIz7O8vSY7vrt3F2t-LrpOZEMN5t8OzQabKYmg2AfOUessN7g-_lv2J
linkProvider Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbtQwEB6VIgQX_hFbSjEIJA5klcT2xkHiQGmrLf0Rgq3UW2onNlpBs6tsVmh5Jl6Fd2LGSZYFgcSlB25W7DiJPeOZcb75DPBUE2xSDkSQh6EJBNrYQHOZB4pzwQ0XqVOUnHx0PBieiLen8nQNvnW5MA0_xHLDjTTDr9ek4LQhvaLlpp72I8osaSGVB3bxBQO22av9HZzdZ3G8tzt6MwzaMwWCnKOxDSKRuMgUqkC5JfYxmecqLCJbuFRx4STXGPKIgdXWuFBqdG_SVEdOC6tVaoXg2O8luEwniBNT_877eIXiN2w4nwlNhnFBy2NEuKHlq_5q_X66tKuOsbdsezfgezcmDaDlU39em37-9Te6yP9l0G7C9dbFZq8bnbgFa7a8DVeaQzcXWNr1RN2LO1B-QNPNijGRpc_wjrKBxM_YuGR1NZmS_DJ06nHsmKv0R58N-BI7tpq1OJgXrLLnhCVilLI6tnhBlwUjEo6qSRnB_lvky104uZDPvgfr5aS094GlSWqUQVsiEqxGtUgHcayk0YoX0jjXg-edXGR5S85OZ4R8zrogDScu8xPXgyfLptOGkeRPjTY74craRWmWxVxgvJ9wKXrweFmNywn9I9KlncyxDTrgkUrwS_CVvCT9_SHZ9uidL2z8e9NHcHU4OjrMDvePDx7AtZh2L_yG1ias19XcPkQXrzZbXrMYnF20VP4ApSpbCA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbtQwEB6VViAu5V9sacEgkDiQVRLbiY3UA3S7ailUFbRSb8FO7GrVNrvKZoWWV-JVeCjGTrIsCCQuPXCLEsfxz4xnxvnmM8Bz5WCTPGFBHoY6YGhjA0V5HghKGdWUSStccvKHw2TvhL075acr8K3LhWn4IRYbbk4z_HrtFHxS2CUl1_WkH7nEkhZReWDmXzBem27vD3ByX8TxcPd4Zy9ojxQIcoq2NohYaiNdiALF1pGP8TwXYRGZwkpBmeVUYcTDEqOMtiFX6N1IqSKrmFFCGsYo1nsN1lgSSndOxOBjvMTwGzaUzw5MhmFBS2PkYEOLpv5q_H56tMt-sTdsw1vwvRuSBs9y3p_Vup9__Y0t8j8Zs9uw3jrY5E2jEXdgxZR34Xpz5OYcr3Y9Tff8HpSf0HCTYuSo0qf4RtkA4qdkVJK6Gk-c9BJ06XHoiK3Umc8FfI0VG0VaFMwrUplLhyQiLmF1ZPCGKgviKDiqJmEE629xL_fh5Eq6_QBWy3FpHgKRqdRCoyVhKT5GpZBJHAuulaAF19b24GUnFlneUrO7E0Iusi5Ew4nL_MT14Nmi6KThI_lToc1OtrJ2SZpmMWUY7aeUsx48XTzGxcT9IVKlGc-wDLrfkUixJ9gkL0h__0j29vjIX2z8e9EncONoMMze7x8ePIKbsdu68LtZm7BaVzOzhf5drR97vSLw-aqF8gci5Vm3
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seed+dispersal+networks+in+tropical+forest+fragments%3A+Area+effects%2C+remnant+species%2C+and+interaction+diversity&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.au=Emer%2C+Carine&rft.au=Jordano%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Pizo%2C+Marco+A.&rft.au=Ribeiro%2C+Milton+C.&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.issn=0006-3606&rft.eissn=1744-7429&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.epage=89&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fbtp.12738&rft.externalDBID=10.1111%252Fbtp.12738&rft.externalDocID=BTP12738
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0006-3606&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0006-3606&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0006-3606&client=summon