Pseudo-Phoneme Label Loss for Text-Independent Speaker Verification

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 12; no. 15; p. 7463
• Main Authors: Niu, Mengqi, He, Liang, Fang, Zhihua, Zhao, Baowei, Wang, Kai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022
• Subjects: Access control; Automatic speech recognition; Computation; deep cluster; Entropy; Experiments; Methods; multitask learning; Neural networks; Phonemes; Pronunciation; pseudo-phoneme label loss; Speaker identification; speaker verification; Speech; Speech recognition; Verification; Voice recognition
• DOI: 10.3390/app12157463
• ISSN: 2076-3417

Compared with text-independent speaker verification (TI-SV) systems, text-dependent speaker verification (TD-SV) counterparts often have better performance for their efficient utilization of speech content information. On this account, some TI-SV methods tried to boost performance by incorporating an extra automatic speech recognition (ASR) component to explore content information, such as c-vector. However, the introduced ASR component requires a large amount of annotated data and consumes high computation resources. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-phoneme label (PPL) loss for the TI-SR task by integrating content cluster loss at the frame level and speaker recognition loss at the segment level in a unified network by multitask learning, without additional data requirement and exhausting computation. By referring to HuBERT, we generate pseudo-phoneme labels to adjust a frame level feature distribution by deep cluster to ensure each cluster corresponds to an implicit pronunciation unit in the feature space. We compare the proposed loss with the softmax loss, center loss, triplet loss, log-likelihood-ratio cost loss, additive margin softmax loss and additive angular margin loss on the VoxCeleb database. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.