Portable monitor for solar radiation that accumulates irradiance histograms for 32 leaf-mounted sensors
A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at up to 32 locations simultaneously is described. It employs small-area, lightweight sensors that are leaf-mountable and have very good spectral and angular responses. A portable computer readily controls fast data acquisiti...
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| Published in | Agricultural and forest meteorology Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 281 - 290 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.01.1985
Oxford Elsevier New York, NY |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at up to 32 locations simultaneously is described. It employs small-area, lightweight sensors that are leaf-mountable and have very good spectral and angular responses. A portable computer readily controls fast data acquisition and in-field processing to histograms, which are the most general irradiance measures to relate to nonlinear plant responses such as photosynthesis. Two field tests verified the instrument's reliability and operational convenience, and also directly compared radiation interception at space-fixed locations vs. nearby leaves. A number of new physiological and canopy-model tests that the instrument makes possible are described. The monitor is constructed from standard electronic components and may be readily modified for many expanded capabilities. |
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| AbstractList | A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at as many as 32 locations simultaneously is described. It uses small-area, lightweight sensors that are leaf-mountable and have good spectral and angular responses. A portable computer readily controls fast data acquisition and in-field processing to histograms, which are the most general irradiance measures to relate to nonlinear plant responses such as photosynthesis. Two field tests verified the instrument's reliability and operational convenience and, also, directly compared radiation interception at space-fixed locations vs. nearby leaves. A number of new physiological and canopy-model tests that the instrument makes possible are described. The monitor is constructed from standard electronic components and can be readily modified for many expanded capabilities. A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at up to 32 locations simultaneously is described. It employs small-area, lightweight sensors that are leaf-mountable and have very good spectral and angular responses. A portable computer readily controls fast data acquisition and in-field processing to histograms, which are the most general irradiance measures to relate to nonlinear plant responses such as photosynthesis. Two field tests verified the instrument's reliability and operational convenience, and also directly compared radiation interception at space-fixed locations vs. nearby leaves. A number of new physiological and canopy-model tests that the instrument makes possible are described. The monitor is constructed from standard electronic components and may be readily modified for many expanded capabilities. |
| Author | Wolf, Michael A. Gutschick, Vincent P. Barron, Michael H. Waechter, David A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vincent P. surname: Gutschick fullname: Gutschick, Vincent P. organization: Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael H. surname: Barron fullname: Barron, Michael H. organization: Electronics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David A. surname: Waechter fullname: Waechter, David A. organization: Electronics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael A. surname: Wolf fullname: Wolf, Michael A. organization: International Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 U.S.A |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/1933892 10.1016/0002-1571(83)90004-3 10.2307/1942616 10.1016/0002-1571(79)90021-9 10.1126/science.210.4474.1094 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1977.tb09125.x 10.1016/0025-5564(77)90036-0 10.1016/0002-1571(74)90024-7 10.1016/0002-1571(71)90092-6 10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100060006x 10.1038/273534a0 10.1364/AO.10.000119 10.2307/1937034 10.1038/206527a0 10.1016/0002-1571(71)90004-5 10.2307/2401487 |
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| Keywords | Measuring instrument Irradiance Solar radiation Vegetation |
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| References | Gutschick (BIB6) 1984; 18 Gross (BIB5) 1982; 63 Mann, Curry, Sharpe (BIB11) 1979; 20 Ehleringer, Forseth (BIB4) 1980; 210 Norman, Tanner (BIB17) 1969; 61 Hutchison, Matt (BIB8) 1977; 47 Breece, Holmes (BIB2) 1971; 10 McCree, Loomis (BIB13) 1969; 50 Lemeur, Blad (BIB9) 1974; 14 Reifsnyder, Furnival, Horowitz (BIB19) 1971; 9 Anderson (BIB1) 1966 NEC Electronics U.S.A (BIB15) 1982 Warren Wilson (BIB20) 1965; 2 Holmes, Smith (BIB7) 1977; 25 Mann, Curry, Hartfiel, Demichele (BIB10) 1977; 34 Nilson (BIB16) 1971; 8 Bunnik (BIB3) 1978 Morgan, Smith (BIB14) 1978; 273 McCree (BIB12) 1965; 206 Oker-Blom, Kellomäki (BIB18) 1983; 28 Hutchison (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB8) 1977; 47 Ehleringer (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB4) 1980; 210 Gross (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB5) 1982; 63 Mann (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB10) 1977; 34 Anderson (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB1) 1966 Breece (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB2) 1971; 10 Nilson (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB16) 1971; 8 NEC Electronics U.S.A (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB15) 1982 Norman (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB17) 1969; 61 Mann (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB11) 1979; 20 Oker-Blom (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB18) 1983; 28 Lemeur (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB9) 1974; 14 Morgan (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB14) 1978; 273 Warren Wilson (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB20) 1965; 2 Reifsnyder (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB19) 1971; 9 Holmes (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB7) 1977; 25 Gutschick (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB6) 1984; 18 McCree (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB12) 1965; 206 Bunnik (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB3) 1978 McCree (10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB13) 1969; 50 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 77 year: 1966 end-page: 90 ident: BIB1 article-title: Some problems of simple characterization of the light climate in plant communities publication-title: Light as an Ecological Factor contributor: fullname: Anderson – volume: 25 start-page: 539 year: 1977 end-page: 545 ident: BIB7 article-title: The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. II. The influence of vegetation canopies on the spectral energy distribution of natural daylight publication-title: Photochem. Photobiol. contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 63 start-page: 84 year: 1982 end-page: 93 ident: BIB5 article-title: Photosynthetic dynamics in varying light environments: a model and its application to whole leaf carbon gain publication-title: Ecology contributor: fullname: Gross – volume: 28 start-page: 143 year: 1983 end-page: 155 ident: BIB18 article-title: Effect of grouping of foliage on the within-stand and within-crown light regime: comparison of random and grouping canopy models publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. contributor: fullname: Kellomäki – volume: 14 start-page: 255 year: 1974 end-page: 286 ident: BIB9 article-title: A critical review of light models for estimating the shortwave radiation regime of plant canopies publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. contributor: fullname: Blad – volume: 8 start-page: 25 year: 1971 end-page: 38 ident: BIB16 article-title: A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. contributor: fullname: Nilson – start-page: 176 year: 1978 ident: BIB3 article-title: The Multispectral Reflectance of Shortwave Radiation by Agricultural Crops in Relation with Their Morphological and Optical Properties contributor: fullname: Bunnik – volume: 20 start-page: 205 year: 1979 end-page: 214 ident: BIB11 article-title: Light interception by isolated plants publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. contributor: fullname: Sharpe – volume: 9 start-page: 21 year: 1971 end-page: 37 ident: BIB19 article-title: Spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation beneath forest canopies publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. contributor: fullname: Horowitz – volume: 34 start-page: 63 year: 1977 end-page: 78 ident: BIB10 article-title: A general law for direct sunlight penetration publication-title: Math. Biosci. contributor: fullname: Demichele – volume: 50 start-page: 422 year: 1969 end-page: 428 ident: BIB13 article-title: Photosynthesis in fluctuating light publication-title: Ecology contributor: fullname: Loomis – volume: 210 start-page: 1094 year: 1980 end-page: 1098 ident: BIB4 article-title: Solar tracking by plants publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Forseth – volume: 47 start-page: 185 year: 1977 end-page: 207 ident: BIB8 article-title: The distribution of solar radiation within a deciduous forest publication-title: Ecol. Monogr. contributor: fullname: Matt – start-page: 1382 year: 1982 ident: BIB15 publication-title: Discrete/Optoelectronics Data Book contributor: fullname: NEC Electronics U.S.A – volume: 206 start-page: 527 year: 1965 end-page: 528 ident: BIB12 article-title: Light measurements in plant growth investigations publication-title: Nature (London) contributor: fullname: McCree – volume: 18 year: 1984 ident: BIB6 article-title: Photosynthesis model for C publication-title: Photosynthetica contributor: fullname: Gutschick – volume: 2 start-page: 383 year: 1965 end-page: 390 ident: BIB20 article-title: Stand structure and light penetration. I. Analysis by point quadrats publication-title: J. Appl. Ecol. contributor: fullname: Warren Wilson – volume: 273 start-page: 534 year: 1978 end-page: 536 ident: BIB14 article-title: Simulated sunflecks have large, rapid effects on plant stem elongation publication-title: Nature (London) contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 10 start-page: 119 year: 1971 end-page: 127 ident: BIB2 article-title: Bidirectional scattering characteristics of healthy green soybean and corn leaves in vivo publication-title: Appl. Opt. contributor: fullname: Holmes – volume: 61 start-page: 847 year: 1969 end-page: 849 ident: BIB17 article-title: Transient light measurements in plant canopies publication-title: Agron. J. contributor: fullname: Tanner – volume: 50 start-page: 422 year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB13 article-title: Photosynthesis in fluctuating light publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1933892 contributor: fullname: McCree – volume: 28 start-page: 143 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB18 article-title: Effect of grouping of foliage on the within-stand and within-crown light regime: comparison of random and grouping canopy models publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/0002-1571(83)90004-3 contributor: fullname: Oker-Blom – volume: 47 start-page: 185 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB8 article-title: The distribution of solar radiation within a deciduous forest publication-title: Ecol. Monogr. doi: 10.2307/1942616 contributor: fullname: Hutchison – volume: 20 start-page: 205 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB11 article-title: Light interception by isolated plants publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/0002-1571(79)90021-9 contributor: fullname: Mann – volume: 210 start-page: 1094 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB4 article-title: Solar tracking by plants publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.210.4474.1094 contributor: fullname: Ehleringer – volume: 25 start-page: 539 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB7 article-title: The function of phytochrome in the natural environment. II. The influence of vegetation canopies on the spectral energy distribution of natural daylight publication-title: Photochem. Photobiol. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1977.tb09125.x contributor: fullname: Holmes – volume: 34 start-page: 63 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB10 article-title: A general law for direct sunlight penetration publication-title: Math. Biosci. doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(77)90036-0 contributor: fullname: Mann – volume: 14 start-page: 255 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB9 article-title: A critical review of light models for estimating the shortwave radiation regime of plant canopies publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/0002-1571(74)90024-7 contributor: fullname: Lemeur – start-page: 1382 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB15 contributor: fullname: NEC Electronics U.S.A – volume: 8 start-page: 25 year: 1971 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB16 article-title: A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/0002-1571(71)90092-6 contributor: fullname: Nilson – start-page: 176 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB3 article-title: The Multispectral Reflectance of Shortwave Radiation by Agricultural Crops in Relation with Their Morphological and Optical Properties contributor: fullname: Bunnik – volume: 61 start-page: 847 year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB17 article-title: Transient light measurements in plant canopies publication-title: Agron. J. doi: 10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100060006x contributor: fullname: Norman – volume: 18 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB6 article-title: Photosynthesis model for C3 leaves incorporating CO2 transport, radiation propagation, and biochemistry. 2. Ecological and agricultural utility publication-title: Photosynthetica contributor: fullname: Gutschick – volume: 273 start-page: 534 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB14 article-title: Simulated sunflecks have large, rapid effects on plant stem elongation publication-title: Nature (London) doi: 10.1038/273534a0 contributor: fullname: Morgan – volume: 10 start-page: 119 year: 1971 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB2 article-title: Bidirectional scattering characteristics of healthy green soybean and corn leaves in vivo publication-title: Appl. Opt. doi: 10.1364/AO.10.000119 contributor: fullname: Breece – volume: 63 start-page: 84 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB5 article-title: Photosynthetic dynamics in varying light environments: a model and its application to whole leaf carbon gain publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1937034 contributor: fullname: Gross – volume: 206 start-page: 527 year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB12 article-title: Light measurements in plant growth investigations publication-title: Nature (London) doi: 10.1038/206527a0 contributor: fullname: McCree – volume: 9 start-page: 21 year: 1971 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB19 article-title: Spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation beneath forest canopies publication-title: Agric. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/0002-1571(71)90004-5 contributor: fullname: Reifsnyder – start-page: 77 year: 1966 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB1 article-title: Some problems of simple characterization of the light climate in plant communities contributor: fullname: Anderson – volume: 2 start-page: 383 year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/0168-1923(85)90028-0_BIB20 article-title: Stand structure and light penetration. I. Analysis by point quadrats publication-title: J. Appl. Ecol. doi: 10.2307/2401487 contributor: fullname: Warren Wilson |
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| Snippet | A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at up to 32 locations simultaneously is described. It employs small-area,... A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at as many as 32 locations simultaneously is described. It uses small-area,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage Agricultural and forest meteorology Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Generalities, techniques Generalities. Techniques. Climatology. Meteorology. Climatic models of plant production Meteorology Radiative transfer. Solar radiation |
| Title | Portable monitor for solar radiation that accumulates irradiance histograms for 32 leaf-mounted sensors |
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