Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries in the Non-Linear Control of DC Microgrids

Several efforts need to be performed in transportation and energy production to mitigate the current environmental issues that are related to fossil fuel use. The implementation of DC microgrids and the use of electric vehicles seem to be an adequate solution. However, various technical challenges h...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 11; no. 10; p. 4415
Main Authors Samuel, Pierre, Eddaaif, Rachid, González-Zumba, Andrés, Clairand, Jean-Michel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2021
Subjects
battery modeling
dc microgrid
Eigenvalues
electric vehicle
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency
Energy storage
microgrid
non-linear control
Simulation
Simulink
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI10.3390/app11104415

Cover

Abstract Several efforts need to be performed in transportation and energy production to mitigate the current environmental issues that are related to fossil fuel use. The implementation of DC microgrids and the use of electric vehicles seem to be an adequate solution. However, various technical challenges have to be addressed, like grid stability issues. Thus, this case report assesses the impact of an electric vehicle load in a DC microgrid, subject to nonlinear control theory. The EV battery pack is modeled and simulated. Subsequently, it is included as a load in an available model of nonlinear control of DC microgrids. The results demonstrate high stability with this new load and the feasibility of its implementation.
AbstractList Several efforts need to be performed in transportation and energy production to mitigate the current environmental issues that are related to fossil fuel use. The implementation of DC microgrids and the use of electric vehicles seem to be an adequate solution. However, various technical challenges have to be addressed, like grid stability issues. Thus, this case report assesses the impact of an electric vehicle load in a DC microgrid, subject to nonlinear control theory. The EV battery pack is modeled and simulated. Subsequently, it is included as a load in an available model of nonlinear control of DC microgrids. The results demonstrate high stability with this new load and the feasibility of its implementation.
Author Eddaaif, Rachid
González-Zumba, Andrés
Clairand, Jean-Michel
Samuel, Pierre
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Pierre
  surname: Samuel
  fullname: Samuel, Pierre
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Rachid
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5350-4868
  surname: Eddaaif
  fullname: Eddaaif, Rachid
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Andrés
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4286-8361
  surname: González-Zumba
  fullname: González-Zumba, Andrés
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jean-Michel
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6448-4401
  surname: Clairand
  fullname: Clairand, Jean-Michel
BookMark eNptkU1PwzAMhiMEEjB24g9U4ogK-WzaI4yvSQMuwDVKEwcydU1JwoF_T7chhBC-xLYev7bjQ7Tbhx4QOib4jLEGn-thIIRgzonYQQcUy6pknMjdX_4-mqa0xKM1hNUEHyB9kRKktII-F8EV-Q2K-WrQZhNdd2By9KZ4gTdvOigudc4QPaTC9xv2IfTlwvegYzELfY6hW9ddzYp7b2J4jd6mI7TndJdg-v1O0PPN9dPsrlw83s5nF4vSsIrnsoW2xa2FijomWCsbUmNhCTMaJDhBuGka7VjNBWss1NzVwspWSC6spZY3bILmW10b9FIN0a90_FRBe7VJhPiqdMzrNZShzjAJ0lpnuQZoqcC1kVQIJquq4qPWyVZriOH9A1JWy_AR-3F8RQWjnJJKkpE63VLjqilFcD9dCVbrk6hfJxlp8oc2Puvs19-mffdvzRcwrY-R
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_wevj13010003
crossref_primary_10_3390_app12010063
Cites_doi 10.1109/TEC.2018.2801381
10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2740163
10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.06.010
10.3390/app9132687
10.1109/TCST.2019.2924615
10.1115/DETC2018-85501
10.1109/IECON.2013.6699393
10.3390/en13030638
10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.040
10.1109/ANDESCON50619.2020.9272009
10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514
10.1109/TSG.2017.2675917
10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897499
10.1109/TSG.2015.2457910
10.1109/TIE.2018.2795578
10.1109/TPEL.2019.2938508
10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.008
10.1109/TIE.2016.2618363
10.4271/2019-01-0594
10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.10815
10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544139
10.1109/59.898088
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120203
10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.067
10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.004
10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.154
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.018
10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2689807
10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.073
10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.243
10.1109/TPEL.2015.2464277
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
DOA
DOI 10.3390/app11104415
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
Sciences (General)
EISSN 2076-3417
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c2fc37e7ddfd4aeeb2508c7255376664
10_3390_app11104415
GroupedDBID .4S
2XV
5VS
7XC
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ADBBV
ADMLS
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
APEBS
ARCSS
BCNDV
BENPR
CCPQU
CITATION
CZ9
D1I
D1J
D1K
GROUPED_DOAJ
IAO
IGS
ITC
K6-
K6V
KC.
KQ8
L6V
LK5
LK8
M7R
MODMG
M~E
OK1
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PROAC
TUS
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-bebb0bde62f353b791805d13cae7ef514c99af384539de84f85d7b5745dd2d493
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 2076-3417
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:17:58 EDT 2025
Mon Jun 30 11:02:26 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:50:49 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:02:38 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c364t-bebb0bde62f353b791805d13cae7ef514c99af384539de84f85d7b5745dd2d493
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-6448-4401
0000-0001-5350-4868
0000-0003-4286-8361
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2532421671?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2532421671
PQPubID 2032433
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c2fc37e7ddfd4aeeb2508c7255376664
proquest_journals_2532421671
crossref_primary_10_3390_app11104415
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_app11104415
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-05-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-05-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-05-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Applied sciences
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Ceraolo (ref_13) 2000; 15
Lotfi (ref_1) 2017; 8
Zia (ref_12) 2019; 237
ref_35
ref_34
Benamar (ref_25) 2020; 10
ref_33
ref_10
ref_32
ref_31
Sanjeev (ref_5) 2018; 9
Perez (ref_27) 2019; 52
ref_15
Berrueta (ref_18) 2018; 144
Dragicevic (ref_3) 2016; 31
Cicconi (ref_17) 2017; 192
Lyu (ref_23) 2017; 120
Boukhezzar (ref_26) 2010; 18
Liu (ref_6) 2019; 34
Olivares (ref_2) 2014; 5
Farrokhabadi (ref_11) 2018; 33
Zou (ref_24) 2018; 65
Motapon (ref_16) 2017; 64
Khan (ref_19) 2018; 33
Perez (ref_28) 2020; 28
Justo (ref_4) 2013; 24
Ghiasi (ref_8) 2017; 5
Siad (ref_29) 2019; 111
ref_9
Ma (ref_20) 2018; 65
Kim (ref_14) 2007; 170
Lai (ref_22) 2020; 255
Hasan (ref_21) 2020; 35
Lu (ref_7) 2016; 31
Iovine (ref_30) 2018; 8950
References_xml – volume: 33
  start-page: 1132
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Optimal Charge Pattern for the High-Performance Multistage Constant Current Charge Method for the Li-Ion Batteries
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2018.2801381
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2301
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Battery Energy Storage System Models for Microgrid Stability Analysis and Dynamic Simulation
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2740163
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1357
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Comparison between linear and nonlinear control strategies for variable speed wind turbines
  publication-title: Control Eng. Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.06.010
– volume: 8950
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Nonlinear Control for DC MicroGrids Enabling Efficient Renewable Power Integration and Ancillary Services for AC grids
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
– ident: ref_9
  doi: 10.3390/app9132687
– volume: 65
  start-page: 5951
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Nonlinear Fractional-Order Estimator With Guaranteed Robustness and Stability for Lithium-Ion Batteries
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1802
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Stability Analysis of a DC MicroGrid for a Smart Railway Station Integrating Renewable Sources
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2019.2924615
– ident: ref_32
  doi: 10.1115/DETC2018-85501
– ident: ref_34
  doi: 10.1109/IECON.2013.6699393
– ident: ref_33
  doi: 10.3390/en13030638
– volume: 237
  start-page: 695
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.040
– ident: ref_10
  doi: 10.1109/ANDESCON50619.2020.9272009
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1905
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Trends in microgrid control
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514
– volume: 9
  start-page: 4906
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Peak energy management using renewable integrated DC microgrid
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2675917
– volume: 34
  start-page: 3199
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Resilience Analysis of DC Microgrids Under Denial of Service Threats
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897499
– volume: 8
  start-page: 296
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: AC versus DC microgrid planning
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2457910
– volume: 65
  start-page: 6762
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Equalization of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Based on Fuzzy Logic Control in Electric Vehicle
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2795578
– volume: 35
  start-page: 4448
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Comments on ’State of Charge-Dependent Polynomial Equivalent Circuit Modeling for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Lithium-Ion Batteries’
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2938508
– volume: 192
  start-page: 159
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Thermal analysis and simulation of a Li-ion battery pack for a lightweight commercial EV
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.008
– volume: 64
  start-page: 998
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: A Generic Electrothermal Li-ion Battery Model for Rapid Evaluation of Cell Temperature Temporal Evolution
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2618363
– ident: ref_35
  doi: 10.4271/2019-01-0594
– volume: 10
  start-page: 593
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Non-Linear Control of a DC Microgrid for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.
  doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.10815
– volume: 31
  start-page: 4876
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: DC Microgrids—Part I: A Review of Control Strategies and Stabilization Techniques
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
– ident: ref_31
– ident: ref_15
  doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544139
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1184
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: New dynamical models of lead-acid batteries
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/59.898088
– volume: 255
  start-page: 10319
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Co-estimation of state of charge and state of power for lithium-ion batteries based on fractional variable-order model
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120203
– volume: 24
  start-page: 387
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.067
– volume: 120
  start-page: 975
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: A lead-acid battery’s remaining useful life prediction by using electrochemical model in the Particle Filtering framework
  publication-title: Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.004
– volume: 144
  start-page: 286
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: A comprehensive model for lithium-ion batteries: From the physical principles to an electrical model
  publication-title: Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.154
– volume: 170
  start-page: 476
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells
  publication-title: J. Power Sources
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.018
– volume: 5
  start-page: 7746
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Lyapunov Based-Distributed Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Control for Building Integrated-DC Microgrid with Plug-In Electric Vehicle
  publication-title: IEEE Access
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2689807
– volume: 111
  start-page: 93
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Nonlinear control of a DC MicroGrid for the integration of distributed generation based on different time scales
  publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.073
– volume: 52
  start-page: 401
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Regenerative Braking Control for Trains in a DC MicroGrid Using Dynamic Feedback Linearization Techniques
  publication-title: IFAC-PapersOnLine
  doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.243
– volume: 31
  start-page: 3528
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: DC Microgrids—Part II: A Review of Power Architectures, Applications, and Standardization Issues
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2464277
SSID ssj0000913810
Score 2.188099
Snippet Several efforts need to be performed in transportation and energy production to mitigate the current environmental issues that are related to fossil fuel use....
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 4415
SubjectTerms battery modeling
dc microgrid
Eigenvalues
electric vehicle
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency
Energy storage
microgrid
non-linear control
Simulation
Simulink
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT8JAEN4YTnowghpRNHvgoCaNtLvb3T0iQtAETmK4Nd2XkphiAP-_s9tCajTx4rHN9JF57MzXzn6DUNcmqU0TTSJpwQzUcBeJVItI2RzSKXOU5_475GSajmf0ac7mtVFfviespAcuFXenE6cJt9wYZ2huAQhCSaE53AdCI00DEyjkvBqYCmuwjD11VbkhjwCu9_-DIax7Hj58S0GBqf_HQhyyy-gIHVZlIe6Xr9NEe7ZooYMaWWALNaswXOPriiv65hjl_R2zJl46DNUcfgz7Hv3RMIy4WWj8Yt_8bXFJpgnYGC-KIDtdFhGgUfB2PCh71v11DwM88X16r6uFWZ-g2Wj4PBhH1dSESJOUbkDLSvWUAQs4wojiMhY9ZmKic8utg_pIS5k7Iigj0lhBnWCGK8YpMyYxVJJT1CiWhT1DGMCeElJoB5iOQhkuIJdbqmCJUI4Kw9vodqvITFeU4n6yxXsG0MJrPatpvY26O-GPkknjd7F7b5GdiKe_DifAKbLKKbK_nKKNOlt7ZlVMrrOE-eIxTnl8_h_PuED7ie9vCc2PHdTYrD7tJRQoG3UVfPELv9Lihw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries in the Non-Linear Control of DC Microgrids
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2532421671
https://doaj.org/article/c2fc37e7ddfd4aeeb2508c7255376664
Volume 11
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9NAEB71cYFD1RYQKW20hx4AySL27nrXJ9SGpAWpEUIU9WZ5X22kym6T8P-ZWW9CEYij7bUPM7Mz882OvwE49UXpy8LyrPKoBuFUyHRpdWZ8g-FUBqEaqkNezcrLa_HlRt6kgtsytVWufWJ01K6zVCP_UEgK_Xmp8o8PjxlNjaLT1TRCYxt20QVrBF-755PZ12-bKguxXup81P-YxxHf07kwbu8RwYg_QlFk7P_LIccoM92HvZQesrNenwew5dtDeP6ENPAQDtJ2XLK3iTP63QtozjYMm6wLDLM69jn-_0hXkzjqZm7ZD39Hn2U9qSZiZDZv49pZ12aIStHq2bjvXaf3Po3ZFfXr3S7mbvkSrqeT7-PLLE1PyCwvxQqlbczIONRE4JIbVeV6JF3ObeOVD5gn2apqAtdC8sp5LYKWThmphHSucKLir2Cn7Vr_GhiCPqMrbQNiO4HpuMaY7oVBV2GC0E4N4P1akLVN1OI04eK-RohBUq-fSH0Ap5vFDz2jxr-XnZNGNkuIBjve6Ba3ddpVtS2C5cor54ITjfcGEzptFRoZ-s2yFAM4XuuzTntzWf-2pKP_P34DzwrqYIntjcews1r89CeYgqzMELb19GKYrG0YgfwvWlbcqQ
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB5V5QAcEC1UbCngQ5EAKSKJndg5IFS2XXZpd08t6i3Er3YllJTdRYg_xW9kxkmWIipuPSaeRNbMeB72-BuAfZfmLk8NjwqHYhBW-kjlRkXaVehOMy9kRfuQ01k-PhOfzrPzDfjV34WhssreJgZDbRtDe-Rv04xcf5LL5P3Vt4i6RtHpat9Co1WLY_fzB6Zsy3eTQ5TvyzQdHZ0Ox1HXVSAyPBcrnIXWsbY4Q88zrmWRqDizCTeVk85j_GCKovJciYwX1inhVWalzqTIrE2tIPAlNPl3BOcFrSg1-rje0yGMTZXE7TVAHI_pFBqNSUxJy1-OL_QH-Mf8B582eggPumCUHbTaswUbrt6G-9cgCrdhq1v8S_aqQ6h-_QiqgzWeJ2s8wxiSTcJtS3o6Co115oZ9dpf0W9ZCeGJGzuZ1oJ01dYQ5MDKTDdtKefrucMimVB14sZjb5WM4uxWu7sBm3dTuCTBMMbUqlPGYSQoM_hVGEE5oNEzaC2XlAN70jCxNB2RO_TS-lpjQENfLa1wfwP6a-KrF77iZ7ANJZE1CoNvhRbO4KLs1XJrUGy6dtNZbUTmnMXxURqJKo5XOczGAvV6eZWcJluUfvd39__ALuDs-nZ6UJ5PZ8VO4l1LtTCis3IPN1eK7e4bBz0o_DxrH4Mttq_hvp2IXFQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3da9RAEB_KFUQfpK2Kp7XdhwoqhCbZTXbzIKW9D3rWHkWs9C1mv9oDSdq7E_Ff86_rTD7OiuJbH5NMwjI7mZnf7uxvAPZcnLo0NjzIHE6DsNIHKjUq0K7AcJp4IQtahzydpsfn4sNFcrEGv7qzMFRW2fnE2lHbytAa-X6cUOiPUhnt-7Ys4mw4Pri-CaiDFO20du00GhM5cT9_IHxbvJ8Mca5fx_F49HlwHLQdBgLDU7HEEWkdaouj9TzhWmaRChMbcVM46TzmEibLCs-VSHhmnRJeJVbqRIrE2tgKImJC978uERWFPVg_Gk3PPq1WeIhxU0VhcyiQ8yykPWl0LSFBmD_CYN0t4K9gUEe48QY8blNTdtjY0iasuXILHt0hLNyCzdYVLNiblq_67RMoDlfsnqzyDDNKNqnPXtLVqG6zMzPsi7uiz7KG0BPxOZuVtey0KgNExKhONmjq5um94YCdUq3g5XxmF0_h_F70-gx6ZVW658BQtVplynjElQKhgMJ8wgmNbkp7oazsw7tOkblpac2pu8a3HOENaT2_o_U-7K2Erxs2j3-LHdGMrESIgru-Uc0v8_aPzk3sDZdOWuutKJzTmEwqI9HA0WenqejDdjefeesXFvlvK37x_8e78ADNO_84mZ68hIcxFdLUVZbb0FvOv7tXmAkt9U5rcgy-3reV3wIr6xyn
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Impact+of+Electric+Vehicle+Batteries+in+the+Non-Linear+Control+of+DC+Microgrids&rft.jtitle=Applied+sciences&rft.au=Samuel%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Eddaaif%2C+Rachid&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Zumba%2C+Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=Clairand%2C+Jean-Michel&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft.issn=2076-3417&rft.eissn=2076-3417&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4415&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fapp11104415&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_app11104415
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon