Effect of Lead and Zinc Impurities in Ironmaking and the Corresponding Removal Methods: A Review

This paper reviews the effects of Pb and Zn impurities and their removal in the ironmaking process. The phase changes during ironmaking were investigated, along with the removal techniques of such impurities and their environmental impact. Results show that distribution of Pb–Zn–Fe in Fe ore is comp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMetals (Basel ) Vol. 11; no. 3; p. 407
Main Authors Mustafa, Sayaf, Luo, Liqun, Zheng, Bo-Tao, Wei, Chen-Xi, Christophe, Niyonzima
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2021
Subjects
Chemicals
Emission standards
Emissions
Environmental impact
Furnaces
High temperature
Impurities
Iron
Iron ores
Ironmaking
Lead
Metals
Minerals
Oxidation
Permeability
Phase transitions
Productivity
reduction roasting
Sludge
Steel production
Zinc
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Summary:This paper reviews the effects of Pb and Zn impurities and their removal in the ironmaking process. The phase changes during ironmaking were investigated, along with the removal techniques of such impurities and their environmental impact. Results show that distribution of Pb–Zn–Fe in Fe ore is complicated, the particles are fine, and the removal of mineral phase at high temperature is difficult. Therefore, the production and occurrence of Pb and Zn impurities in the ironmaking process were analyzed; such impurities reduced the overall productivity of the process. In addition, the important treatments for the removal of these impurities were investigated. Most of these processes eliminated the Pb and Zn impurities from the dust or sludge, but the main impact of the reduced productivity of the ironmaking process in the furnaces was still observed.
ISSN:2075-4701
2075-4701
DOI:10.3390/met11030407