Urban surface water quality and the potential of phytoremediation to improve water quality in peri-urban and urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa – a review

Abstract In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking...

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Published inWater science & technology. Water supply Vol. 22; no. 11; pp. 8372 - 8404
Main Authors Schnabel, Bastian, Wright, Sam, Miller, Rees, Bryant, Lee D., Kjeldsen, Thomas R., Maconachie, Roy, Gbanie, Solomon P., Bangura, Kabba S., Kamara, Anthony J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London IWA Publishing 01.11.2022
Subjects
Artificial wetlands
Bioremediation
Cadmium
Chemical contaminants
Chemical oxygen demand
Chemical pollution
Chromium
constructed wetlands
Developing countries
Drinking water
Duckweed
Flowers & plants
Food contamination & poisoning
Food quality
Freshwater plants
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Identification
Keywords
LDCs
Lead
Libraries
Literature reviews
Metals
Microbial contamination
Microorganisms
Phytoremediation
Plant species
Pollutant removal
Pollutants
Pollution
Search engines
sub-saharan africa
Surface water
Tropical environment
Tropical environments
Urban areas
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water pollution
Water quality
Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Abstract In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking water. Phytoremediation implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs) is a low-cost and sustainable alternative to highly costly and energy-consuming wastewater treatment plants. In addition, CWs offer the potential to be integrated into farming and aqua-culture systems and can therefore improve food quality and production. The most prominent pollutants in urban SSA surface waters and the pollutant removal efficiencies for microbial and chemical contaminations of different plant species were identified from the literature and the accumulation rates for Pb, Cr, and Cd were compared with each other. A strong focus was given to studies conducted in SSA or other (sub)tropical regions. This review identified a range of potential phytoremediators to treat contaminated surface water and highlights the need for further in situ studies in SSA. Plant species such as Lemna minor, Ipomoea aquatica, Spirodela polyrhiza and Brachiaria mutica show a high potential to phytoremediate the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Cd from surface water.
AbstractList Abstract In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking water. Phytoremediation implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs) is a low-cost and sustainable alternative to highly costly and energy-consuming wastewater treatment plants. In addition, CWs offer the potential to be integrated into farming and aqua-culture systems and can therefore improve food quality and production. The most prominent pollutants in urban SSA surface waters and the pollutant removal efficiencies for microbial and chemical contaminations of different plant species were identified from the literature and the accumulation rates for Pb, Cr, and Cd were compared with each other. A strong focus was given to studies conducted in SSA or other (sub)tropical regions. This review identified a range of potential phytoremediators to treat contaminated surface water and highlights the need for further in situ studies in SSA. Plant species such as Lemna minor, Ipomoea aquatica, Spirodela polyrhiza and Brachiaria mutica show a high potential to phytoremediate the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Cd from surface water.
In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking water. Phytoremediation implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs) is a low-cost and sustainable alternative to highly costly and energy-consuming wastewater treatment plants. In addition, CWs offer the potential to be integrated into farming and aqua-culture systems and can therefore improve food quality and production. The most prominent pollutants in urban SSA surface waters and the pollutant removal efficiencies for microbial and chemical contaminations of different plant species were identified from the literature and the accumulation rates for Pb, Cr, and Cd were compared with each other. A strong focus was given to studies conducted in SSA or other (sub)tropical regions. This review identified a range of potential phytoremediators to treat contaminated surface water and highlights the need for further in situ studies in SSA. Plant species such as Lemna minor, Ipomoea aquatica, Spirodela polyrhiza and Brachiaria mutica show a high potential to phytoremediate the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Cd from surface water. HIGHLIGHTS Review and analysis of water quality and wetland studies undertaken mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.; Review and analysis of phytoremediators able to improve urban surface water quality impacted by microbial and heavy metal contamination in tropical settings.;
In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking water. Phytoremediation implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs) is a low-cost and sustainable alternative to highly costly and energy-consuming wastewater treatment plants. In addition, CWs offer the potential to be integrated into farming and aqua-culture systems and can therefore improve food quality and production. The most prominent pollutants in urban SSA surface waters and the pollutant removal efficiencies for microbial and chemical contaminations of different plant species were identified from the literature and the accumulation rates for Pb, Cr, and Cd were compared with each other. A strong focus was given to studies conducted in SSA or other (sub)tropical regions. This review identified a range of potential phytoremediators to treat contaminated surface water and highlights the need for further in situ studies in SSA. Plant species such as Lemna minor, Ipomoea aquatica, Spirodela polyrhiza and Brachiaria mutica show a high potential to phytoremediate the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Cd from surface water.
Author Kamara, Anthony J.
Gbanie, Solomon P.
Bangura, Kabba S.
Schnabel, Bastian
Wright, Sam
Miller, Rees
Maconachie, Roy
Bryant, Lee D.
Kjeldsen, Thomas R.
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_uclim_2023_101611
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Snippet Abstract In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated...
In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface...
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StartPage 8372
SubjectTerms Artificial wetlands
Bioremediation
Cadmium
Chemical contaminants
Chemical oxygen demand
Chemical pollution
Chromium
constructed wetlands
Developing countries
Drinking water
Duckweed
Flowers & plants
Food contamination & poisoning
Food quality
Freshwater plants
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Identification
Keywords
LDCs
Lead
Libraries
Literature reviews
Metals
Microbial contamination
Microorganisms
Phytoremediation
Plant species
Pollutant removal
Pollutants
Pollution
Search engines
sub-saharan africa
Surface water
Tropical environment
Tropical environments
Urban areas
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water pollution
Water quality
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Title Urban surface water quality and the potential of phytoremediation to improve water quality in peri-urban and urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa – a review
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