On-Line Characterization of Morphology and Water Adsorption on Fumed Silica Nanoparticles
The first wetting layer on solid nanoparticles has direct implications on the roles these particles play in industrial processes and technological applications as well as in the atmosphere. We present a technique for online measurements of the adsorption of the first few water layers onto insoluble...
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Published in | Aerosol science and technology Vol. 45; no. 12; pp. 1441 - 1447 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.12.2011
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Abstract | The first wetting layer on solid nanoparticles has direct implications on the roles these particles play in industrial processes and technological applications as well as in the atmosphere. We present a technique for online measurements of the adsorption of the first few water layers onto insoluble aerosol nanoparticles. Atomized fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed from aqueous suspension and their hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) and number of the adsorbed water layers at subsaturated conditions were measured using a nanometer hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). Particle morphology was characterized by electron microscopy and particle density was determined by mobility analysis. The HGFs of the size-selected particles at mobility diameters from 10 to 50 nm at 90% relative humidity (RH) varied from 1.05 to 1.24, corresponding to 2-6 layers of adsorbed water. The morphology of the generated fumed silica nanoparticles varied from spheres at 8-10 nm to agglomerates at larger diameters with effective density from 1.7 to 0.8 g/cm
3
and fractal dimension of 2.6. The smallest spheres and agglomerates had the highest HGFs. The smallest particles with diameters of 8 and 10 nm adsorbed two to three water layers in subsaturated conditions, which agreed well with the Frenkel, Halsey, and Hill (FHH) isotherm fitting. In comparison to the small spheres or large agglomerates, the compact agglomerate structure containing a few primary particles increased the number of adsorbed water layers by a factor of ∼1.5. This was probably caused by the capillary effect on the small cavities between the primary particles in the agglomerate. |
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AbstractList | The first wetting layer on solid nanoparticles has direct implications on the roles these particles play in industrial processes and technological applications as well as in the atmosphere. We present a technique for online measurements of the adsorption of the first few water layers onto insoluble aerosol nanoparticles. Atomized fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed from aqueous suspension and their hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) and number of the adsorbed water layers at subsaturated conditions were measured using a nanometer hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). Particle morphology was characterized by electron microscopy and particle density was determined by mobility analysis. The HGFs of the size-selected particles at mobility diameters from 10 to 50 nm at 90% relative humidity (RH) varied from 1.05 to 1.24, corresponding to 2-6 layers of adsorbed water. The morphology of the generated fumed silica nanoparticles varied from spheres at 8-10 nm to agglomerates at larger diameters with effective density from 1.7 to 0.8 g/cm3 and fractal dimension of 2.6. The smallest spheres and agglomerates had the highest HGFs. The smallest particles with diameters of 8 and 10 nm adsorbed two to three water layers in subsaturated conditions, which agreed well with the Frenkel, Halsey, and Hill (FHH) isotherm fitting. In comparison to the small spheres or large agglomerates, the compact agglomerate structure containing a few primary particles increased the number of adsorbed water layers by a factor of ~1.5. This was probably caused by the capillary effect on the small cavities between the primary particles in the agglomerate. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The first wetting layer on solid nanoparticles has direct implications on the roles these particles play in industrial processes and technological applications as well as in the atmosphere. We present a technique for online measurements of the adsorption of the first few water layers onto insoluble aerosol nanoparticles. Atomized fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed from aqueous suspension and their hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) and number of the adsorbed water layers at subsaturated conditions were measured using a nanometer hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). Particle morphology was characterized by electron microscopy and particle density was determined by mobility analysis. The HGFs of the size-selected particles at mobility diameters from 10 to 50 nm at 90% relative humidity (RH) varied from 1.05 to 1.24, corresponding to 2-6 layers of adsorbed water. The morphology of the generated fumed silica nanoparticles varied from spheres at 8-10 nm to agglomerates at larger diameters with effective density from 1.7 to 0.8 g/cm 3 and fractal dimension of 2.6. The smallest spheres and agglomerates had the highest HGFs. The smallest particles with diameters of 8 and 10 nm adsorbed two to three water layers in subsaturated conditions, which agreed well with the Frenkel, Halsey, and Hill (FHH) isotherm fitting. In comparison to the small spheres or large agglomerates, the compact agglomerate structure containing a few primary particles increased the number of adsorbed water layers by a factor of ∼1.5. This was probably caused by the capillary effect on the small cavities between the primary particles in the agglomerate. |
Author | Keskinen, Helmi Miettinen, Pasi Virtanen, Annele Saukko, Erkka Jorma, Joutsensaari Romakkaniemi, Sami Jaatinen, Antti Laaksonen, Ari Mäkelä, Jyrki M. Smith, James N. |
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Keywords | Water Relative humidity Measurement Binary compound Wetting Nanoparticle Density Silica Particle mobility Solid Characterization Particle Cavity Structure Diameter Agglomerate Fitting Suspension Electron microscopy Differential analyzer Adsorption Fractal dimension Atmosphere Morphology Aerosols Isotherm Technique Growth factor Particle number |
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SubjectTerms | Adsorption Aerosols Chemistry Colloidal state and disperse state Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry Measurement Nanoparticles Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena Silica Solid-liquid interface Surface physical chemistry |
Title | On-Line Characterization of Morphology and Water Adsorption on Fumed Silica Nanoparticles |
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