The subject of knowledge in collaborative science
The epistemic subject of collective scientific knowledge has been a matter of dispute in recent philosophy of science and epistemology. Following the distributed cognition framework, both collective-subject accounts (most notably by Knorr-Cetina, in Epistemic Cultures , Harvard University Press, 199...
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| Published in | Synthese (Dordrecht) Vol. 201; no. 3; p. 88 |
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| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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24.02.2023
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | The epistemic subject of collective scientific knowledge has been a matter of dispute in recent philosophy of science and epistemology. Following the distributed cognition framework, both collective-subject accounts (most notably by Knorr-Cetina, in
Epistemic Cultures
, Harvard University Press, 1999) as well as no-subject accounts of collective scientific knowledge (most notably by Giere, Social Epistemology 21:313–320, 2007; in Carruthers, Stich, Siegal (eds),
The Cognitive Basis of Science
, Cambridge University Press, 2002a) have been offered. Both strategies of accounting for collective knowledge are problematic from the perspective of mainstream epistemology. Postulating genuinely collective epistemic subjects is a high-commitment strategy with little clear benefit. On the other hand, eliminating the epistemic subject radically severs the link between knowledge and knowers. Most importantly, both strategies lead to the undesirable outcome that in some cases of scientific knowledge there might be no individual knower that we can identify. I argue that distributed cognition offers us a fertile framework for analyzing complex socio-technical processes of contemporary scientific knowledge production, but scientific knowledge should nonetheless be located in individual knowers. I distinguish between the production and possession of knowledge, and argue that collective knowledge is collectively produced knowledge, not collectively possessed knowledge. I then propose an account of non-testimonial, expert scientific knowledge which allows for collectively produced knowledge to be known by individuals. |
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| AbstractList | The epistemic subject of collective scientific knowledge has been a matter of dispute in recent philosophy of science and epistemology. Following the distributed cognition framework, both collective-subject accounts (most notably by Knorr-Cetina, in
Epistemic Cultures
, Harvard University Press, 1999) as well as no-subject accounts of collective scientific knowledge (most notably by Giere, Social Epistemology 21:313–320, 2007; in Carruthers, Stich, Siegal (eds),
The Cognitive Basis of Science
, Cambridge University Press, 2002a) have been offered. Both strategies of accounting for collective knowledge are problematic from the perspective of mainstream epistemology. Postulating genuinely collective epistemic subjects is a high-commitment strategy with little clear benefit. On the other hand, eliminating the epistemic subject radically severs the link between knowledge and knowers. Most importantly, both strategies lead to the undesirable outcome that in some cases of scientific knowledge there might be no individual knower that we can identify. I argue that distributed cognition offers us a fertile framework for analyzing complex socio-technical processes of contemporary scientific knowledge production, but scientific knowledge should nonetheless be located in individual knowers. I distinguish between the production and possession of knowledge, and argue that collective knowledge is collectively produced knowledge, not collectively possessed knowledge. I then propose an account of non-testimonial, expert scientific knowledge which allows for collectively produced knowledge to be known by individuals. The epistemic subject of collective scientific knowledge has been a matter of dispute in recent philosophy of science and epistemology. Following the distributed cognition framework, both collective-subject accounts (most notably by Knorr-Cetina, in Epistemic Cultures, Harvard University Press, 1999) as well as no-subject accounts of collective scientific knowledge (most notably by Giere, Social Epistemology 21:313–320, 2007; in Carruthers, Stich, Siegal (eds), The Cognitive Basis of Science, Cambridge University Press, 2002a) have been offered. Both strategies of accounting for collective knowledge are problematic from the perspective of mainstream epistemology. Postulating genuinely collective epistemic subjects is a high-commitment strategy with little clear benefit. On the other hand, eliminating the epistemic subject radically severs the link between knowledge and knowers. Most importantly, both strategies lead to the undesirable outcome that in some cases of scientific knowledge there might be no individual knower that we can identify. I argue that distributed cognition offers us a fertile framework for analyzing complex socio-technical processes of contemporary scientific knowledge production, but scientific knowledge should nonetheless be located in individual knowers. I distinguish between the production and possession of knowledge, and argue that collective knowledge is collectively produced knowledge, not collectively possessed knowledge. I then propose an account of non-testimonial, expert scientific knowledge which allows for collectively produced knowledge to be known by individuals. |
| ArticleNumber | 88 |
| Author | Uygun Tunç, Duygu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Duygu orcidid: 0000-0003-0148-0416 surname: Uygun Tunç fullname: Uygun Tunç, Duygu email: duygu.uygun@outlook.com organization: Middle East Technical University, Philosophy Department, Philosophy & Ethics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology |
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SosaEReflective knowledge2009Oxford University Press10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217250.001.0001 HardwigJEpistemic dependenceJournal of Philosophy198582733534910.2307/2026523 de RidderJEpistemic dependence and collective scientific knowledgeSynthese20141911375310.1007/s11229-013-0283-3 4080_CR15 J Kallestrup (4080_CR22) 2020; 197 4080_CR14 R Hakli (4080_CR16) 2007; 21:3 E Sosa (4080_CR45) 2009 4080_CR53 4080_CR10 4080_CR51 J Lackey (4080_CR26) 2021 O Palermos (4080_CR32) 2016; 26 KJS Zollman (4080_CR59) 2010; 72 R Heesen (4080_CR19) 2018; 115 SC Goldberg (4080_CR13) 2021 M Gilbert (4080_CR12) 1987; 73 4080_CR3 4080_CR4 A Clark (4080_CR5) 1998; 58 4080_CR6 R Vicente-Saez (4080_CR55) 2018; 88 4080_CR9 J de Ridder (4080_CR40) 2014; 191 E Sosa (4080_CR43) 2015 KB Wray (4080_CR58) 2001; 129 KB Wray (4080_CR57) 2007; 21 4080_CR1 J Hardwig (4080_CR17) 1991; 88 M Gilbert (4080_CR11) 2004; 1 4080_CR48 P Thagard (4080_CR49) 1997; 31 4080_CR46 K Vaesen (4080_CR54) 2011; 25 4080_CR44 O Palermos (4080_CR31) 2016; 81 4080_CR42 J Hardwig (4080_CR18) 1985; 82 R Giere (4080_CR7) 2007; 21 4080_CR39 4080_CR37 4080_CR38 P Magnus (4080_CR28) 2007; 37 E Winsberg (4080_CR56) 2014; 46 O Palermos (4080_CR33) 2011; 2 RK Merton (4080_CR29) 1973 J Lackey (4080_CR25) 2014; 24 O Palermos (4080_CR34) 2013; 2 T Sterling (4080_CR47) 1959; 54 A Bird (4080_CR2) 2010; 24 R Rupert (4080_CR41) 2004; 101 O Palermos (4080_CR30) 2020 R Tuomela (4080_CR52) 1992; 91 D Pritchard (4080_CR36) 2015; 29 D Pino (4080_CR35) 2021 R Tuomela (4080_CR50) 2004; 1 4080_CR24 4080_CR20 4080_CR21 4080_CR60 P Kitcher (4080_CR23) 1994 R Giere (4080_CR8) 2002 C List (4080_CR27) 2011 |
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