Training a molecular automaton to play a game

Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of ‘programmable molecules’, but what does it mean to say ‘we programmed a set of solution-phase molecules to do X’? A survey of recently implemented solution-phase circuitry 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ,...

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Published inNature nanotechnology Vol. 5; no. 11; pp. 773 - 777
Main Authors Pei, Renjun, Stefanovic, Darko, Liu, Manhong, Stojanovic, Milan N, Matamoros, Elizabeth
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2010
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Abstract Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of ‘programmable molecules’, but what does it mean to say ‘we programmed a set of solution-phase molecules to do X’? A survey of recently implemented solution-phase circuitry 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 indicates that this statement could be replaced with ‘we pre-mixed a set of molecules to do X and functional subsets of X’. These hard-wired mixtures are then exposed to a set of molecular inputs, which can be interpreted as being keyed to human moves in a game, or as assertions of logical propositions. In nucleic acids-based systems, stemming from DNA computation 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , these inputs can be seen as generic oligonucleotides. Here, we report using reconfigurable 21 , 22 , 23 nucleic acid catalyst-based units to build a multipurpose reprogrammable molecular automaton that goes beyond single-purpose ‘hard-wired’ molecular automata. The automaton covers all possible responses to two consecutive sets of four inputs (such as four first and four second moves for a generic set of trivial two-player two-move games). This is a model system for more general molecular field programmable gate array (FPGA)-like devices that can be programmed by example, which means that the operator need not have any knowledge of molecular computing methods. Nucleic acid catalysts can be used to build a multipurpose molecular automaton that can be programmed by example.
AbstractList Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of 'programmable molecules', but what does it mean to say 'we programmed a set of solution-phase molecules to do X'? A survey of recently implemented solution-phase circuitry indicates that this statement could be replaced with 'we pre-mixed a set of molecules to do X and functional subsets of X'. These hard-wired mixtures are then exposed to a set of molecular inputs, which can be interpreted as being keyed to human moves in a game, or as assertions of logical propositions. In nucleic acids-based systems, stemming from DNA computation, these inputs can be seen as generic oligonucleotides. Here, we report using reconfigurable nucleic acid catalyst-based units to build a multipurpose reprogrammable molecular automaton that goes beyond single-purpose 'hard-wired' molecular automata. The automaton covers all possible responses to two consecutive sets of four inputs (such as four first and four second moves for a generic set of trivial two-player two-move games). This is a model system for more general molecular field programmable gate array (FPGA)-like devices that can be programmed by example, which means that the operator need not have any knowledge of molecular computing methods.
Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of ‘programmable molecules’, but what does it mean to say ‘we programmed a set of solution-phase molecules to do X’? A survey of recently implemented solution-phase circuitry 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 indicates that this statement could be replaced with ‘we pre-mixed a set of molecules to do X and functional subsets of X’. These hard-wired mixtures are then exposed to a set of molecular inputs, which can be interpreted as being keyed to human moves in a game, or as assertions of logical propositions. In nucleic acids-based systems, stemming from DNA computation 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , these inputs can be seen as generic oligonucleotides. Here, we report using reconfigurable 21 , 22 , 23 nucleic acid catalyst-based units to build a multipurpose reprogrammable molecular automaton that goes beyond single-purpose ‘hard-wired’ molecular automata. The automaton covers all possible responses to two consecutive sets of four inputs (such as four first and four second moves for a generic set of trivial two-player two-move games). This is a model system for more general molecular field programmable gate array (FPGA)-like devices that can be programmed by example, which means that the operator need not have any knowledge of molecular computing methods. Nucleic acid catalysts can be used to build a multipurpose molecular automaton that can be programmed by example.
Author Matamoros, Elizabeth
Stojanovic, Milan N
Stefanovic, Darko
Liu, Manhong
Pei, Renjun
Author_xml – givenname: Renjun
  surname: Pei
  fullname: Pei, Renjun
  organization: Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University
– givenname: Darko
  surname: Stefanovic
  fullname: Stefanovic, Darko
  organization: Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico
– givenname: Manhong
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Manhong
  organization: Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yunnan University of Nationalities
– givenname: Milan N
  surname: Stojanovic
  fullname: Stojanovic, Milan N
  organization: Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University
– givenname: Elizabeth
  surname: Matamoros
  fullname: Matamoros, Elizabeth
  organization: Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University
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Snippet Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of ‘programmable molecules’, but what does it mean to say ‘we programmed a set...
Research at the interface between chemistry and cybernetics has led to reports of 'programmable molecules', but what does it mean to say 'we programmed a set...
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nature
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StartPage 773
SubjectTerms 639/925/350
639/925/926/1047
639/925/927/339
639/925/929/115
Artificial Intelligence
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chemistry, Organic - methods
Computers, Molecular
Cybernetics
Game Theory
letter
Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology - methods
Nanotechnology and Microengineering
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Oligonucleotides - chemical synthesis
Oligonucleotides - chemistry
Title Training a molecular automaton to play a game
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.194
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nnano.2010.194
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972436
https://search.proquest.com/docview/762483124
Volume 5
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