Single-station PPP-RTK: correction latency and ambiguity resolution performance
Single-station PPP-RTK is a special case of PPP-RTK in that corrections are computed, instead of a network, by only one single GNSS receiver. The present contribution aims to develop a framework to generate multi-epoch, single-station corrections, thereby providing PPP-RTK users the capability to ti...
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| Published in | Journal of geodesy Vol. 95; no. 4 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.04.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | Single-station PPP-RTK is a special case of PPP-RTK in that corrections are computed, instead of a network, by only one single GNSS receiver. The present contribution aims to develop a framework to generate multi-epoch, single-station corrections, thereby providing PPP-RTK users the capability to time-predict corrections that are subject to time delay or latency. By presenting analytical expressions of the user ambiguity variance matrix, we address how the ambiguity resolution performance is driven by the correction latency and therefore by the uncertainty involved in the time-prediction of single-station PPP-RTK corrections. Supported by numerical results, our analytical study shows that the number of satellites and number of frequencies work in tandem to enable one to increase the correction latency, yet ensuring successful single-receiver ambiguity resolution. |
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| AbstractList | Single-station PPP-RTK is a special case of PPP-RTK in that corrections are computed, instead of a network, by only one single GNSS receiver. The present contribution aims to develop a framework to generate multi-epoch, single-station corrections, thereby providing PPP-RTK users the capability to time-predict corrections that are subject to time delay or latency. By presenting analytical expressions of the user ambiguity variance matrix, we address how the ambiguity resolution performance is driven by the correction latency and therefore by the uncertainty involved in the time-prediction of single-station PPP-RTK corrections. Supported by numerical results, our analytical study shows that the number of satellites and number of frequencies work in tandem to enable one to increase the correction latency, yet ensuring successful single-receiver ambiguity resolution. |
| ArticleNumber | 42 |
| Author | Khodabandeh, A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A. orcidid: 0000-0002-5051-8233 surname: Khodabandeh fullname: Khodabandeh, A. email: akhodabandeh@unimelb.edu.au organization: Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s00190-013-0623-6 10.1007/978-3-662-03976-2 10.1007/s10291-018-0738-6 10.1007/s00190-007-0187-4 10.1016/j.asr.2017.06.043 10.1007/978-3-642-59742-8_57 10.1007/s00190-015-0854-9 10.1029/JB095iB08p12561 10.1007/s00190-015-0838-9 10.1007/s00190-007-0197-2 10.1007/978-3-642-70659-2_3 10.1007/s00190-017-1084-0 10.1080/03081088308817548 10.54419/hgkyde 10.1007/s001900050269 10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000252 10.1088/1361-6501/ab034e 10.1029/2005RS003279 10.33012/2019.16972 10.1109/UPINLBS.2010.5654054 10.2478/s11600-008-0059-1 10.1007/s00190-017-1085-z 10.1002/j.2161-4296.2010.tb01772.x 10.1029/96JB03860 10.1007/s001900050127 10.1002/j.2161-4296.2009.tb01750.x 10.1007/s00190-016-0914-9 10.54419/hcczv9 10.1007/s001900050119 |
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| Keywords | bases Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) Single-station PPP-RTK Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) Latency |
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| References | Banville S, Lachapelle G, Ghoddousi-Fard R, Gratton P (2019) Automated processing of low-cost GNSS receiver data. In: Proceedings of Institute of Navigation GNSS+ 2019 conference, Miami KhodabandehATeunissenPJGAn analytical study of PPP-RTK corrections: precision, correlation and user-impactJ Geod201589111109113210.1007/s00190-015-0838-9 de Jonge PJ (1998) A processing strategy for the application of the GPS in networks. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Publication on Geodesy, 46, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Delft ZhangBLiuTYuanYGPS receiver phase biases estimable in PPP-RTK networks: dynamic characterization and impact analysisJ Geod201892665967410.1007/s00190-017-1085-z CollinsPBisnathSLahayeFHerouxPUndifferenced GPS ambiguity resolution using the decoupled clock model and ambiguity datum fixingNavigation201057212313510.1002/j.2161-4296.2010.tb01772.x TeunissenPJGDynamic data processing2001DelftDelft University Press Vollath U, Talbot NC, Glocker M, Chen X, Leandro R (2012) GNSS Signal Processing with Delta Phase. Patent Pub. No.: WO2012151006 A1, Trimble Navigation Limited, November 2012 Wang K, Khodabandeh A, Teunissen PJG, Nadarajah N (2018b) Satellite-clock modeling in single-frequency PPP-RTK processing. J Surv Eng 144(2):04018,003, 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000252 KhodabandehATeunissenPJGPPP-RTK and inter-system biases: the ISB look-up table as a means to support multi-system PPP-RTKJ Geod201690983785110.1007/s00190-016-0914-9 WangKKhodabandehATeunissenPJGFive-frequency Galileo long-baseline ambiguity resolution with multipath mitigationGPS Solut20182237510.1007/s10291-018-0738-6 Odijk D (2002) Fast precise GPS positioning in the presence of ionospheric delays. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology, Publication on Geodesy, 52, Netherlands, Geodetic Commission, Delft HendersonHVPukelsheimFSearleSROn the history of the kronecker productLinear Mult Algebra198314211312010.1080/03081088308817548 TeunissenPJGOdijkDZhangBPPP-RTK: results of CORS network-based ppp with integer ambiguity resolutionJ Aeronaut Astronaut Aviat2010424223229 Deambrogio L, Palestini C, Bastia F, Gabelli G, Corazza GE, Samson J (2010) Impact of high-end receivers in a peer-to-peer cooperative localization system. In: Ubiquitous Positioning Indoor Navigation and Location Based Service, IEEE, https://doi.org/10.1109/UPINLBS.2010.5654054 KhodabandehATeunissenPJGOn the impact of GNSS ambiguity resolution: geometry, ionosphere, time and biasesJ Geod201892663765810.1007/s00190-017-1084-0 GeMGendtGRothacherMShiCLiuJResolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observationsJ Geod200882738939910.1007/s00190-007-0187-4 TeunissenPJGADOP based upper bounds for the bootstrapped and the least squares ambiguity successArtif Satell2000344171179 HerouxPKoubaJGPS precise point positioning with a differencePaper presented at Geomatics 951995OttawaCanada1315 Wubbena G, Schmitz M, Bagg A (2005) PPP-RTK: Precise Point Positioning using state-space representation in RTK networks. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS, pp 13–16 OdijkDZhangBKhodabandehAOdolinskiRTeunissenPJGOn the estimability of parameters in undifferenced, uncombined GNSS network and PPP-RTK user models by means of S-system theoryJ Geod2015901154410.1007/s00190-015-0854-9 WangKKhodabandehATeunissenPJGA study on predicting network corrections in PPP-RTK processingAdv Space Res20176071463147710.1016/j.asr.2017.06.043 Herring TA, Davis JL, Shapiro II (1990) Geodesy by radio interferometry: The application of Kalman Filtering to the analysis of very long baseline interferometry data. J Geophys Res 95(8):12,561–12,581 Komjathy A, Sparks L, Wilson BD, Mannucci AJ (2005) Automated daily processing of more than 1000 ground-based GPS receivers for studying intense ionospheric storms. 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Measurem Sci Technol, 30(4): 044,005 OdijkDTeunissenPJGKhodabandehASingle-frequency PPP-RTK: theory and experimental resultsIAG Symp2014139167173 OdijkDTeunissenPJGADOP in closed form for a hierarchy of multi-frequency single-baseline GNSS modelsJ Geod200882847349210.1007/s00190-007-0197-2 Jonkman NF, Teunissen PJG, Joosten P, Odijk D (2000) GNSS long baseline ambiguity resolution: impact of a third navigation frequency. In: IAG symp 121, Geodesy Beyond 2000, Springer, pp 349–354 ZumbergeJFHeflinMBJeffersonDCWatkinsMMWebbFHPrecise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networksJ Geophys Res19971025005501710.1029/96JB03860 SansoFThe minimum mean square estimation error principle in physical geodesy (stochastic and non-stochastic interpretation)Boll Geod Sci Affi1980392112129 Teunissen PJG (2000a) Adjustment theory: an introduction. Delft University Press, series on Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning TeunissenPJGKhodabandehABLUE, BLUP and the Kalman filter: some new resultsJ Geod201387511310.1007/s00190-013-0623-6 Baarda W (1973) S-transformations and Criterion Matrices. Tech. rep., Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Publ. on Geodesy, New Series, Vol. 5(1), Delft W Bertiger (1490_CR3) 2010; 84 D Odijk (1490_CR20) 2008; 82 P Wielgosz (1490_CR38) 2008; 56 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR26) 1999; 34 1490_CR28 JF Zumberge (1490_CR41) 1997; 102 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR30) 2001 1490_CR25 P Collins (1490_CR4) 2010; 57 K Wang (1490_CR35) 2017; 60 1490_CR5 F Sanso (1490_CR23) 1980; 39 A Khodabandeh (1490_CR12) 2015; 89 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR27) 1999; 73 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR32) 1997; 71 1490_CR9 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR29) 2000; 34 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR31) 2013; 87 A Khodabandeh (1490_CR13) 2016; 90 1490_CR19 A Khodabandeh (1490_CR14) 2018; 92 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR24) 1985 1490_CR15 D Odijk (1490_CR21) 2014; 139 PJG Teunissen (1490_CR33) 2010; 42 1490_CR37 1490_CR17 1490_CR39 1490_CR18 1490_CR11 1490_CR34 D Odijk (1490_CR22) 2015; 90 K Wang (1490_CR36) 2018; 22 1490_CR2 1490_CR1 1490_CR10 KR Koch (1490_CR16) 1999 P Heroux (1490_CR8) 1995 B Zhang (1490_CR40) 2018; 92 M Ge (1490_CR6) 2008; 82 HV Henderson (1490_CR7) 1983; 14 |
| References_xml | – reference: HendersonHVPukelsheimFSearleSROn the history of the kronecker productLinear Mult Algebra198314211312010.1080/03081088308817548 – reference: BertigerWDesaiSDHainesBHarveyNMooreAWOwenSWeissJPSingle receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS dataJ Geod201084532733710.1007/s00190-010-0371-9 – reference: Wubbena G, Schmitz M, Bagg A (2005) PPP-RTK: Precise Point Positioning using state-space representation in RTK networks. In: Proceedings of ION GNSS, pp 13–16 – reference: Vollath U, Talbot NC, Glocker M, Chen X, Leandro R (2012) GNSS Signal Processing with Delta Phase. Patent Pub. No.: WO2012151006 A1, Trimble Navigation Limited, November 2012 – reference: TeunissenPJGKhodabandehABLUE, BLUP and the Kalman filter: some new resultsJ Geod201387511310.1007/s00190-013-0623-6 – reference: WangKKhodabandehATeunissenPJGFive-frequency Galileo long-baseline ambiguity resolution with multipath mitigationGPS Solut20182237510.1007/s10291-018-0738-6 – reference: OdijkDTeunissenPJGKhodabandehASingle-frequency PPP-RTK: theory and experimental resultsIAG Symp2014139167173 – reference: Wang K, Khodabandeh A, Teunissen PJG, Nadarajah N (2018b) Satellite-clock modeling in single-frequency PPP-RTK processing. J Surv Eng 144(2):04018,003, 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000252 – reference: TeunissenPJGThe effect on GNSS ambiguity resolution of using an approximate weight matrixArtif Satell19993425964 – reference: Banville S, Lachapelle G, Ghoddousi-Fard R, Gratton P (2019) Automated processing of low-cost GNSS receiver data. In: Proceedings of Institute of Navigation GNSS+ 2019 conference, Miami – reference: Laurichesse D, Mercier F, Berthias J, Broca P, Cerri L, CNES F, (2009) Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP and satellite precise orbit determination. Navig 56(2):135–149 – reference: WangKKhodabandehATeunissenPJGA study on predicting network corrections in PPP-RTK processingAdv Space Res20176071463147710.1016/j.asr.2017.06.043 – reference: KhodabandehATeunissenPJGPPP-RTK and inter-system biases: the ISB look-up table as a means to support multi-system PPP-RTKJ Geod201690983785110.1007/s00190-016-0914-9 – reference: Baarda W (1973) S-transformations and Criterion Matrices. Tech. rep., Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Publ. on Geodesy, New Series, Vol. 5(1), Delft – reference: TeunissenPJGADOP based upper bounds for the bootstrapped and the least squares ambiguity successArtif Satell2000344171179 – reference: TeunissenPJGDynamic data processing2001DelftDelft University Press – reference: OdijkDTeunissenPJGADOP in closed form for a hierarchy of multi-frequency single-baseline GNSS modelsJ Geod200882847349210.1007/s00190-007-0197-2 – reference: KhodabandehATeunissenPJGAn analytical study of PPP-RTK corrections: precision, correlation and user-impactJ Geod201589111109113210.1007/s00190-015-0838-9 – reference: TeunissenPJGAn optimality property of the integer least-squares estimatorJ Geod1999731158759310.1007/s001900050269 – reference: Herring TA, Davis JL, Shapiro II (1990) Geodesy by radio interferometry: The application of Kalman Filtering to the analysis of very long baseline interferometry data. 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| Title | Single-station PPP-RTK: correction latency and ambiguity resolution performance |
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