Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices
We have obtained interfacial properties of Galinstan, a nontoxic liquid-metal alloy, to help replace mercury in miniature devices. To prevent formation of an oxide skin that severely hinders the fluidic behavior of small Galinstan droplets and leads to inaccurate property data, we performed our expe...
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| Published in | Journal of microelectromechanical systems Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 443 - 450 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, NY
IEEE
01.04.2012
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | We have obtained interfacial properties of Galinstan, a nontoxic liquid-metal alloy, to help replace mercury in miniature devices. To prevent formation of an oxide skin that severely hinders the fluidic behavior of small Galinstan droplets and leads to inaccurate property data, we performed our experiments in a nitrogen-filled glove box. It was found that only if never exposed to oxygen levels above 1 part per million (ppm) would Galinstan droplets behave like a liquid. Two key properties were then investigated: contact angles and surface tension. Advancing and receding contact angles of Galinstan were measured from sessile droplets on various materials: for example, 146.8 and 121.5, respectively, on glass. Surface tension was measured by the pendant-drop method to be 534.6 10.7 mN/m. All the measurements were done in nitrogen at 28 with oxygen and moisture levels below 0.5 ppm. To help design droplet-based microfluidic devices, we tested the response of Galinstan to electrowetting-on-dielectric actuation. |
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| AbstractList | We have obtained interfacial properties of Galinstan, a nontoxic liquid-metal alloy, to help replace mercury in miniature devices. To prevent formation of an oxide skin that severely hinders the fluidic behavior of small Galinstan droplets and leads to inaccurate property data, we performed our experiments in a nitrogen-filled glove box. It was found that only if never exposed to oxygen levels above 1 part per million (ppm) would Galinstan droplets behave like a liquid. Two key properties were then investigated: contact angles and surface tension. Advancing and receding contact angles of Galinstan were measured from sessile droplets on various materials: for example, 146.8 and 121.5, respectively, on glass. Surface tension was measured by the pendant-drop method to be 534.6 10.7 mN/m. All the measurements were done in nitrogen at 28 with oxygen and moisture levels below 0.5 ppm. To help design droplet-based microfluidic devices, we tested the response of Galinstan to electrowetting-on-dielectric actuation. |
| Author | Tingyi Liu Chang-Jin Kim Sen, P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 surname: Tingyi Liu fullname: Tingyi Liu email: leolty@ucla.edu organization: Mech. & Aerosp. Eng. Dept., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: P. surname: Sen fullname: Sen, P. email: prosenjits@gmail.com organization: Mech. & Aerosp. Eng. Dept., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA – sequence: 3 surname: Chang-Jin Kim fullname: Chang-Jin Kim email: cjkim@seas.ucla.edu organization: Mech. & Aerosp. Eng. Dept., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25768124$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/MEMSYS.2010.5442440 10.1016/0029-5493(71)90015-X 10.1021/la00010a084 10.1109/ITCC.2002.1000371 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.2008624 10.1109/33.2973 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.893520 10.1016/0039-6028(66)90063-X 10.1021/j100903a002 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.2003055 10.1016/0029-554X(78)90961-8 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.026303 10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2029170 10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00734-8 |
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| Keywords | liquid-metal Glass Liquid metals Contact angle Experimental study Wettability Galinstan surface tension Galinstan contact angle Drops Humidity Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) Droplets Oxidation Surface tension Mechanical contacts Galinstan Mercury Microelectromechanical device Microfluidics Fluidics Galinstan oxidation |
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| References | ref24 ref12 ref23 ref15 ref14 haynes (ref2) 2011 ref20 woodward (ref18) 2011 ref17 ref16 truong (ref10) 2000 ref8 ref7 (ref1) 2011 liu (ref22) 2009 (ref3) 1930 lyon (ref19) 1952 ref9 sen (ref21) 2007 ref4 adamson (ref13) 1997 ref6 ref5 kocourek (ref11) 2007 |
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| Snippet | We have obtained interfacial properties of Galinstan, a nontoxic liquid-metal alloy, to help replace mercury in miniature devices. To prevent formation of an... |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied fluid mechanics Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) Exact sciences and technology Fluid dynamics Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces Fluidics Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Galinstan Galinstan contact angle Galinstan oxidation Galinstan surface tension Glass Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy liquid-metal Mechanical instruments, equipment and techniques Metals Micromechanical devices and systems Oxidation Physics Rough surfaces Solid-fluid interfaces Surface energy (surface tension, interface tension, angle of contact, etc.) Surface roughness Surface tension Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties) Wetting |
| Title | Characterization of Nontoxic Liquid-Metal Alloy Galinstan for Applications in Microdevices |
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