Quantitative analysis of the intra- and inter-subject variability of the whole salivary proteome

Background and Objective Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease‐specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins. Material and Me...

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Published inJournal of periodontal research Vol. 48; no. 3; pp. 392 - 403
Main Authors Jehmlich, N., Dinh, K. H. D., Gesell-Salazar, M., Hammer, E., Steil, L., Dhople, V. M., Schurmann, C., Holtfreter, B., Kocher, T., Völker, U.
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2013
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Abstract Background and Objective Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease‐specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins. Material and Methods We compared intra‐ and inter‐subject variabilities using complementary gel‐based (two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2‐D DIGE) and gel‐free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC‐MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time‐points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC‐MS/MS. Results In the 2‐D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra‐subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter‐subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC‐MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter‐subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter‐subject variability was not time‐dependent. Conclusion Both techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra‐ and inter‐subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2‐D DIGE as well as LC‐MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.
AbstractList Background and Objective Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease‐specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins. Material and Methods We compared intra‐ and inter‐subject variabilities using complementary gel‐based (two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2‐D DIGE) and gel‐free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC‐MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time‐points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC‐MS/MS. Results In the 2‐D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra‐subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter‐subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC‐MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter‐subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter‐subject variability was not time‐dependent. Conclusion Both techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra‐ and inter‐subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2‐D DIGE as well as LC‐MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.
Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease-specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEInterest in human saliva is increasing for disease-specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins.We compared intra- and inter-subject variabilities using complementary gel-based (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2-D DIGE) and gel-free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time-points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC-MS/MS.MATERIAL AND METHODSWe compared intra- and inter-subject variabilities using complementary gel-based (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2-D DIGE) and gel-free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time-points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC-MS/MS.In the 2-D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter-subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC-MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter-subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter-subject variability was not time-dependent.RESULTSIn the 2-D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter-subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC-MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter-subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter-subject variability was not time-dependent.Both techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra- and inter-subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2-D DIGE as well as LC-MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.CONCLUSIONBoth techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra- and inter-subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2-D DIGE as well as LC-MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.
Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease-specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins. We compared intra- and inter-subject variabilities using complementary gel-based (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2-D DIGE) and gel-free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time-points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC-MS/MS. In the 2-D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter-subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC-MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter-subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter-subject variability was not time-dependent. Both techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra- and inter-subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2-D DIGE as well as LC-MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.
Author Hammer, E.
Kocher, T.
Völker, U.
Gesell-Salazar, M.
Dinh, K. H. D.
Holtfreter, B.
Steil, L.
Schurmann, C.
Jehmlich, N.
Dhople, V. M.
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  surname: Holtfreter
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  fullname: Völker, U.
  email: voelker@uni-greifswald.de
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Figure S1. For identification of protein spots of whole saliva a pool of 400 μg protein was separated by 2-DE and stained with coomassie brilliant blue.Figure S2. Subject ordered standard deviation of spot volumes of the 2-DIGE experiment.Figure S3. Subject ordered standard deviation of protein intensities of the LC-MS/MS experiment.Table S1. MALDI protein identification_n106.xlsx.Table S2. LC-MS protein identification list with corresponding proteins.Table S3. Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) of protein intensities.Table S4. Table of analysis of variance (ANOVA) values of the gel-based and gel-free approaches.
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Castagnola M, Picciotti PM, Messana I et al. Potential applications of human saliva as diagnostic fluid. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2011;31:347-357.
Eymann C, Dreisbach A, Albrecht D et al. A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells. Proteomics 2004;4:2849-2876.
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Rao PV, Reddy AP, Lu X et al. Proteomic identification of salivary biomarkers of type-2 diabetes. J Proteome Res 2009;8:239-245.
Hu S, Loo JA, Wong DT. Human saliva proteome analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1098:323-329.
Giusti L, Baldini C, Bazzichi L et al. Proteome analysis of whole saliva: a new tool for rheumatic diseases-the example of Sjogren's syndrome. Proteomics 2007;7:1634-1643.
Esser D, Alvarez-Llamas G, de VM, Weening D, Vonk RJ, Roelofsen H. Sample stability and protein composition of saliva: implications for its use as a diagnostic fluid. Biomark Insights 2008;3:25-27.
Millea KM, Krull IS, Chakraborty AB, Gebler JC, Berger SJ. Comparative profiling of human saliva by intact protein LC/ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007;1774:897-906.
Xie H, Onsongo G, Popko J et al. Proteomics analysis of cells in whole saliva from oral cancer patients via value-added three-dimensional peptide fractionation and tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008;7:486-498.
Goncalves LR, Soares MR, Nogueira FC et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of whole saliva from chronic periodontitis patients. J Proteomics 2010;73:1334-1341.
Steil L, Thiele T, Hammer E et al. Proteomic characterization of freeze-dried human plasma: providing treatment of bleeding disorders without the need for a cold chain. Transfusion 2008;48:2356-2363.
Morales-Bozo I, Urztua-Orellana B, Dominguez P, Aguilera S, Lopez-Solis R. Patterns and variability in electrophoretic polypeptide profiles of human saliva in a healthy population. J Physiol Biochem 2006;62:179-188.
Karanam NK, Grabarczyk P, Hammer E et al. Proteome analysis reveals new mechanisms of Bcl11b-loss driven apoptosis. J Proteome Res 2010;9:3799-3811.
Lopez ME, Colloca ME, Paez RG, Schallmach JN, Koss MA, Chervonagura A. Salivary characteristics of diabetic children. Braz Dent J 2003;14:26-31.
Messana I, Cabras T, Inzitari R et al. Characterization of the human salivary basic proline-rich protein complex by a proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2004;3:792-800.
Nagaraj N, Mann M. Quantitative analysis of the intra- and inter-individual variability of the normal urinary proteome. J Proteome Res 2011;10:637-645.
Walz A, Stuhler K, Wattenberg A et al. Proteome analysis of glandular parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva in comparison to whole human saliva by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 2006;6:1631-1639.
Topkas E, Keith P, Dimeski G, Cooper-White J, Punyadeera C. Evaluation of saliva collection devices for the analysis of proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2012;413:1066-1070.
Hu S, Loo JA, Wong DT. Human saliva proteome analysis and disease biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2007;4:531-538.
2010; 10
2010; 37
2004; 49
2011; 31
2008; 14
2004; 4
2003; 14
2008
2004; 3
2006; 5
2008; 7
2006; 6
2011; 10
2011; 57
2008; 3
2011; 17
2012; 57
2008; 71
2012; 11
2012; ??
2011; 373
2006; 62
2007; 1774
2009; 72
2007; 1098
2003; 3
2008; 48
2007; 7
2009; 8
2007; 4
2007; 86
2012; 413
1990; 9
2005; 77
2010; 73
2007; 47
2010; 9
2012; 9
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R_Development_Core_Team (e_1_2_7_37_1) 2008
Schulz BL (e_1_2_7_28_1) 2012
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Castagnola M (e_1_2_7_3_1) 2011; 31
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Snippet Background and Objective Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease‐specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva...
Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease-specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with...
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StartPage 392
SubjectTerms 2-D DIGE
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Female
Gene Expression Profiling
Genetic Variation
Humans
intra- and inter-subject variability
LC-MS/MS
Male
Middle Aged
proteome
Proteomics - methods
Salivary Proteins and Peptides - analysis
Salivary Proteins and Peptides - genetics
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Statistics, Nonparametric
whole saliva
Title Quantitative analysis of the intra- and inter-subject variability of the whole salivary proteome
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-DWF0WKXM-N/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjre.12025
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23164135
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1345514894
Volume 48
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