Signaling the unconditioned stimulus during the preexposure phase does not attenuate the unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect in preweanling rats
The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US‐PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase....
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| Published in | Developmental psychobiology Vol. 54; no. 8; pp. 808 - 817 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| ISSN | 0012-1630 1098-2302 1098-2302 |
| DOI | 10.1002/dev.21001 |
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| Abstract | The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US‐PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US‐PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US‐PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 808–817, 2012 |
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| AbstractList | The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US‐PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US‐PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US‐PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 808–817, 2012 The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US-PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US-PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US-PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon. The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US-PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US-PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US-PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon.The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US-PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US-PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US-PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon. |
| Author | Arias, Carlos Castello, Stefania Orellana, Estefania Bobbio, Antonella |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1006/lmot.1996.0021 10.1002/dev.420220407 10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.10.002 10.1037/0097-7403.30.1.58 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.523 10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.573 10.1002/dev.20460 10.1101/lm.1755810 10.1002/dev.20418 10.1093/chemse/bjq075 10.3758/BF03337815 10.1037/0735-7044.112.1.126 10.1037/0735-7044.117.1.113 10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1142 10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.710 10.1037/0735-7044.108.2.227 10.3758/BF03192864 10.1037/0097-7403.3.2.189 10.1002/dev.20074 10.1016/0023-9690(81)90012-6 10.1002/dev.20244 10.1002/dev.420170407 10.1037/0097-7403.1.3.270 10.1093/chemse/bjr026 10.1002/dev.420160103 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90020-B 10.3758/BF03199972 10.3758/BF03209785 10.1080/02724990244000115 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Parker, L. A., Hills, K., & Jensen, K. (1984). Behavioral CRs elicited by a lithium or an amphetamine-paired contextual test chamber. Animal Learning and Behavior, 12, 307-315. – reference: Foster, J. A., & Burman, M. A. (2010). Evidence for hippocampus-dependent contextual learning at postnatal day 17 in the rat. Learning & Memory, 17, 259-266. – reference: de Brugada, I., Gonzalez, F., Gil, M., & Hall, G. (2005). The role of habituation of the response to LiCl in the US-preexposure effect. Learning & Behavior, 33, 363-370. – reference: Caza, P. A., & Spear, N. E. (1984). Short-term exposure to an odor increases its subsequent preference in preweanling rats: A descriptive profile of the phenomenon. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 407-422. – reference: Rudy, J. W., & Cheatle, M. D. (1983). Odor-aversion learning by rats following LiCl exposure: Ontogenetic influences. Developmental Psychobiology, 16, 13-22. – reference: Yap, C. S., & Richardson, R. (2007). Extinction in the developing rat: An examination of renewal effects. Developmental Psychobiology, 49, 565-575. – reference: Kraemer, P. J., Kraemer, E. L., Smoller, D. E., & Spear, N. E. (1989). Enhancement of flavor aversion conditioning in weanling but not adult rats by prior conditioning to an odor. Psychobiology, 17, 34-42. – reference: Randich, A. (1981). The US preexposure phenomenon in the conditioned suppression paradigm: A role for conditioned situational stimuli. Learning and Motivation, 12, 321-341. – reference: Caspy, T., & Lubow, R. E. (1981). Generality of US preexposure effects: Transfer from food to shock or shock to food with and without the same response requirements. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 524-532. – reference: de Brugada, I., Hall, G., & Symonds, M. (2004). The US-preexposure effect in lithium-induced flavor-aversion conditioning is a consequence of blocking by injection cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 58-66. – reference: Spear, L. P., Specht, S. M., Kirstein, C. L., & Kuhn, C. M. (1989). Anterior and posterior, but not cheek, intraoral cannulation procedures elevate serum corticosterone levels in neonatal rat pups. Developmental Psychobiology, 22, 401-411. – reference: Holson, R. R., & Pearce, B. (1992). Principles and pitfalls in the analysis of prenatal treatment effects in multiparous species. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 14, 221-228. – reference: Aguado, L., Hall, G., Harrington, N., & Symonds, M. (1998). Illness-induced context aversion learning in rats with lesions of the dorsal hippocampus. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 1142-1151. – reference: Rudy, J. W., & Morledge, P. (1994). Ontogeny of contextual fear conditioning in rats: Implications for consolidation, infantile amnesia, and hippocampal system function. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 227-234. – reference: Diaz-Cenzano, E., & Chotro, M. G. (2010). 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| Snippet | The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US‐PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to... The unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US-PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals associative learning Avoidance Learning - drug effects Avoidance Learning - physiology Conditioning, Classical - drug effects Conditioning, Classical - physiology Cues Extinction, Psychological - drug effects Extinction, Psychological - physiology Female infant Lithium Chloride - pharmacology Male Odorants Rats rodent Taste - drug effects Taste - physiology taste-aversion US preexposure effect |
| Title | Signaling the unconditioned stimulus during the preexposure phase does not attenuate the unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect in preweanling rats |
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