The Charcoal Vision: A Win–Win–Win Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality
Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw ma...
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| Published in | Agronomy journal Vol. 100; no. 1; pp. 178 - 181 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Madison
American Society of Agronomy
01.01.2008
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw material (∼17 MJ kg−1) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co‐product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half‐life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil‐applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 × 109 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio‐oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO2–C. |
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| AbstractList | Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw material (∼17 MJ kg−1) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co‐product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half‐life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil‐applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 × 109 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio‐oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO2–C. Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw material (∼17 MJ kg −1 ) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co‐product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half‐life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil‐applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 × 10 9 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio‐oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO 2 –C. |
| Author | Laird, David A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David A. surname: Laird fullname: Laird, David A. email: david.laird@ars.usda.gov organization: USDA, ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.011 10.1017/CBO9780511546013 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.00028.x 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.07.006 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00120-5 10.2134/agronj2004.1000a 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00230.x 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.01.012 10.1038/445014a 10.2136/sssaj2002.1249 10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5 10.1007/s00374-002-0466-4 10.1038/447143a 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.03.011 |
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| References | 2007; 445 2004; 96 2006; 30 2007; 446 2006; 11 2002; 35 2002; 66 2007 2005; 53 2006 2005 1999; 30 2007; 31 2005; 36 Weersink A. (e_1_2_3_16_1) 2005; 53 Laird D.A. (e_1_2_3_10_1) 2005 USDOE (e_1_2_3_15_1) 2007 e_1_2_3_2_1 e_1_2_3_17_1 e_1_2_3_4_1 e_1_2_3_18_1 e_1_2_3_3_1 e_1_2_3_12_1 e_1_2_3_13_1 e_1_2_3_8_1 e_1_2_3_14_1 e_1_2_3_7_1 Bryan M. (e_1_2_3_5_1) 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (e_1_2_3_9_1) 2007 Lehmann J. (e_1_2_3_11_1) 2007; 446 Fowels M. (e_1_2_3_6_1) 2007; 31 |
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| Title | The Charcoal Vision: A Win–Win–Win Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality |
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