Meta-analysis of the psychometric properties of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and associations with participant characteristics
The aims of this study were to review the psychometric properties of the widely used Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) using meta-analytic methods and to investigate the relationship between PCS scores and participant characteristics. A systematic search from 1995 found 229 experimental, quasi-experi...
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Published in | Pain (Amsterdam) Vol. 160; no. 9; pp. 1946 - 1953 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.09.2019
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Abstract | The aims of this study were to review the psychometric properties of the widely used Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) using meta-analytic methods and to investigate the relationship between PCS scores and participant characteristics. A systematic search from 1995 found 229 experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational studies that report PCS scores. Multivariate regression explored variables related to pain catastrophizing and participant demographics. Across studies, good internal reliability (α = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.93) and test-retest reliability scores (Spearman ρ = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.93) were found for PCS total scores but not for subscales. Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores were unrelated to age or sex, but strongly related to participants' pain type, highest in those with generalized pain. Language of the PCS also affected PCS scores, with further research necessary to determine linguistic, cultural, or methodological (eg, sampling strategy) influences. Study type influenced PCS scores with nonrandomized controlled trials reporting higher PCS scores than other study types, but results were confounded with pain diagnosis, as controlled trials were more likely than quasi-experimental studies to recruit clinical samples. The meta-analytic results provide insights into demographic influences on pain catastrophizing scores and highlight areas for further research. The advantages of systematic review and meta-analytic methods to achieve greater understanding and precision of psychometric properties-in this case, of the PCS-are applicable to other widely used outcome tools. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
The aims of this study were to review the psychometric properties of the widely used Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) using meta-analytic methods and to investigate the relationship between PCS scores and participant characteristics. A systematic search from 1995 found 229 experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational studies that report PCS scores. Multivariate regression explored variables related to pain catastrophizing and participant demographics. Across studies, good internal reliability (α = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.93) and test–retest reliability scores (Spearman ρ = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.93) were found for PCS total scores but not for subscales. Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores were unrelated to age or sex, but strongly related to participants' pain type, highest in those with generalized pain. Language of the PCS also affected PCS scores, with further research necessary to determine linguistic, cultural, or methodological (eg, sampling strategy) influences. Study type influenced PCS scores with nonrandomized controlled trials reporting higher PCS scores than other study types, but results were confounded with pain diagnosis, as controlled trials were more likely than quasi-experimental studies to recruit clinical samples. The meta-analytic results provide insights into demographic influences on pain catastrophizing scores and highlight areas for further research. The advantages of systematic review and meta-analytic methods to achieve greater understanding and precision of psychometric properties—in this case, of the PCS—are applicable to other widely used outcome tools. The aims of this study were to review the psychometric properties of the widely used Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) using meta-analytic methods and to investigate the relationship between PCS scores and participant characteristics. A systematic search from 1995 found 229 experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational studies that report PCS scores. Multivariate regression explored variables related to pain catastrophizing and participant demographics. Across studies, good internal reliability (α = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.93) and test-retest reliability scores (Spearman ρ = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.93) were found for PCS total scores but not for subscales. Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores were unrelated to age or sex, but strongly related to participants' pain type, highest in those with generalized pain. Language of the PCS also affected PCS scores, with further research necessary to determine linguistic, cultural, or methodological (eg, sampling strategy) influences. Study type influenced PCS scores with nonrandomized controlled trials reporting higher PCS scores than other study types, but results were confounded with pain diagnosis, as controlled trials were more likely than quasi-experimental studies to recruit clinical samples. The meta-analytic results provide insights into demographic influences on pain catastrophizing scores and highlight areas for further research. The advantages of systematic review and meta-analytic methods to achieve greater understanding and precision of psychometric properties-in this case, of the PCS-are applicable to other widely used outcome tools. |
Author | Williams, Amanda C de C Wheeler, Claire H B Morley, Stephen J |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Claire H B surname: Wheeler fullname: Wheeler, Claire H B organization: Programme in Clinical Psychology, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Amanda C de C surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Amanda C de C organization: Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Stephen J surname: Morley fullname: Morley, Stephen J organization: Programme in Clinical Psychology, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom |
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References_xml | – volume: 23 start-page: 351 year: 2000 ident: R18-20230818 article-title: The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: further psychometric evaluation with adult samples publication-title: J Behav Med doi: 10.1023/A:1005548801037 contributor: fullname: Osman – volume: 87 start-page: 325 year: 2000 ident: R13-20230818 article-title: The relationship of gender to pain, pain behavior, and disability in osteoarthritis patients: the role of catastrophizing publication-title: Pain doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00296-7 contributor: fullname: Keefe – volume: 92 start-page: 859 year: 2011 ident: R22-20230818 article-title: Pain coping skills training for patients with elevated pain catastrophizing who are scheduled for knee arthroplasty: a quasi-experimental study publication-title: Arch Phys Med Rehabil doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.01.003 contributor: fullname: Riddle – volume: 16 start-page: 297 year: 1951 ident: R3-20230818 article-title: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests publication-title: Psychometrika doi: 10.1007/BF02310555 contributor: fullname: Cronbach – volume: 21 start-page: 1539 year: 2002 ident: R7-20230818 article-title: Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis publication-title: Stat Med doi: 10.1002/sim.1186 contributor: fullname: Higgins – volume: 20 start-page: 589 year: 1997 ident: R19-20230818 article-title: Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the pain catastrophizing scale publication-title: J Behav Med doi: 10.1023/A:1025570508954 contributor: fullname: Osman – volume: 11 start-page: 1187 year: 2010 ident: R10-20230818 article-title: Comparisons of catastrophizing, pain attitudes, and cold-pressor pain experience between Chinese and European Canadian young adults publication-title: J Pain doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.015 contributor: fullname: Hsieh – volume: 24 start-page: 121 year: 2000 ident: R29-20230818 article-title: Gender differences in pain and pain behavior: the role of catastrophizing publication-title: Cognit Ther Res doi: 10.1023/A:1005459110063 contributor: fullname: Sullivan – volume: 7 start-page: 524 year: 1995 ident: R25-20230818 article-title: The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation publication-title: Psychol Assess doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524 contributor: fullname: Sullivan – volume: 15 start-page: 154 year: 2010 ident: R23-20230818 article-title: Relationships between pain thresholds, catastrophizing and gender in acute whiplash injury publication-title: Man Ther doi: 10.1016/j.math.2009.10.001 contributor: fullname: Rivest – volume: 35 start-page: S10 issue: suppl 105 year: 2017 ident: R33-20230818 article-title: Criteria for fibromyalgia? 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SubjectTerms | Case-Control Studies Catastrophization - diagnosis Catastrophization - psychology Chronic Pain - diagnosis Chronic Pain - epidemiology Chronic Pain - psychology Clinical Trials as Topic - methods Cohort Studies Humans Pain Measurement - methods Pain Measurement - psychology Psychometrics - methods |
Title | Meta-analysis of the psychometric properties of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and associations with participant characteristics |
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