Nonlinear Response of the Anterior Cingulate and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia as a Function of Variable Attentional Control

Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how variation in attentional control load modulates activity within these brain regions in this brain disorder. The aim of this study in schizoph...

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Published in	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 837 - 845
Main Authors	Blasi, Giuseppe, Taurisano, Paolo, Papazacharias, Apostolos, Caforio, Grazia, Romano, Raffaella, Lobianco, Luciana, Fazio, Leonardo, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Latorre, Valeria, Sambataro, Fabio, Popolizio, Teresa, Nardini, Marcello, Mattay, Venkata S., Weinberger, Daniel R., Bertolino, Alessandro
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Oxford University Press 01.04.2010
Subjects	Adult Analysis of Variance attention Attention - physiology Brain Mapping cognitive load Female fMRI Gyrus Cinguli - blood supply Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Neural Pathways - blood supply Neural Pathways - physiopathology Neuropsychological Tests Oxygen - blood parametric design Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology Photic Stimulation - methods Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Schizophrenia - pathology Schizophrenic Psychology Statistics as Topic Young Adult
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1047-3211 1460-2199 1460-2199
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhp146

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Abstract	Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how variation in attentional control load modulates activity within these brain regions in this brain disorder. The aim of this study in schizophrenia is to investigate the impact of increasing levels of attentional control processing on prefrontal and cingulate activity. Blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) responses of 16 outpatients with schizophrenia were compared with those of 21 healthy subjects while performing a task eliciting increasing levels of attentional control during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Results showed reduced behavioral performance in patients at greater attentional control levels. Imaging data indicated greater prefrontal activity at intermediate attentional control levels in patients but greater prefrontal and cingulate responses at high attentional control demands in controls. The BOLD activity profile of these regions in controls increased linearly with increasing cognitive loads, whereas in patients, it was nonlinear. Correlation analysis consistently showed differential region and load-specific relationships between brain activity and behavior in the 2 groups. These results indicate that varying attentional control load is associated in schizophrenia with load- and region-specific modification of the relationship between behavior and brain activity, possibly suggesting earlier saturation of cognitive capacity.
AbstractList	Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how variation in attentional control load modulates activity within these brain regions in this brain disorder. The aim of this study in schizophrenia is to investigate the impact of increasing levels of attentional control processing on prefrontal and cingulate activity. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses of 16 outpatients with schizophrenia were compared with those of 21 healthy subjects while performing a task eliciting increasing levels of attentional control during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Results showed reduced behavioral performance in patients at greater attentional control levels. Imaging data indicated greater prefrontal activity at intermediate attentional control levels in patients but greater prefrontal and cingulate responses at high attentional control demands in controls. The BOLD activity profile of these regions in controls increased linearly with increasing cognitive loads, whereas in patients, it was nonlinear. Correlation analysis consistently showed differential region and load-specific relationships between brain activity and behavior in the 2 groups. These results indicate that varying attentional control load is associated in schizophrenia with load- and region-specific modification of the relationship between behavior and brain activity, possibly suggesting earlier saturation of cognitive capacity. Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how variation in attentional control load modulates activity within these brain regions in this brain disorder. The aim of this study in schizophrenia is to investigate the impact of increasing levels of attentional control processing on prefrontal and cingulate activity. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses of 16 outpatients with schizophrenia were compared with those of 21 healthy subjects while performing a task eliciting increasing levels of attentional control during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Results showed reduced behavioral performance in patients at greater attentional control levels. Imaging data indicated greater prefrontal activity at intermediate attentional control levels in patients but greater prefrontal and cingulate responses at high attentional control demands in controls. The BOLD activity profile of these regions in controls increased linearly with increasing cognitive loads, whereas in patients, it was nonlinear. Correlation analysis consistently showed differential region and load-specific relationships between brain activity and behavior in the 2 groups. These results indicate that varying attentional control load is associated in schizophrenia with load- and region-specific modification of the relationship between behavior and brain activity, possibly suggesting earlier saturation of cognitive capacity.Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how variation in attentional control load modulates activity within these brain regions in this brain disorder. The aim of this study in schizophrenia is to investigate the impact of increasing levels of attentional control processing on prefrontal and cingulate activity. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses of 16 outpatients with schizophrenia were compared with those of 21 healthy subjects while performing a task eliciting increasing levels of attentional control during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Results showed reduced behavioral performance in patients at greater attentional control levels. Imaging data indicated greater prefrontal activity at intermediate attentional control levels in patients but greater prefrontal and cingulate responses at high attentional control demands in controls. The BOLD activity profile of these regions in controls increased linearly with increasing cognitive loads, whereas in patients, it was nonlinear. Correlation analysis consistently showed differential region and load-specific relationships between brain activity and behavior in the 2 groups. These results indicate that varying attentional control load is associated in schizophrenia with load- and region-specific modification of the relationship between behavior and brain activity, possibly suggesting earlier saturation of cognitive capacity.
Author	Latorre, Valeria Sambataro, Fabio Popolizio, Teresa Bertolino, Alessandro Fazio, Leonardo Nardini, Marcello Caforio, Grazia Mattay, Venkata S. Taurisano, Paolo Romano, Raffaella Papazacharias, Apostolos Di Giorgio, Annabella Lobianco, Luciana Blasi, Giuseppe Weinberger, Daniel R.
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Snippet	Previous studies have reported abnormal prefrontal and cingulate activity during attentional control processing in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear how...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Analysis of Variance attention Attention - physiology Brain Mapping cognitive load Female fMRI Gyrus Cinguli - blood supply Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Neural Pathways - blood supply Neural Pathways - physiopathology Neuropsychological Tests Oxygen - blood parametric design Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology Photic Stimulation - methods Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Schizophrenia - pathology Schizophrenic Psychology Statistics as Topic Young Adult
Title	Nonlinear Response of the Anterior Cingulate and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia as a Function of Variable Attentional Control
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