Trend Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity According to Urban Area Change in Asian Mega Cities

Urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in cities worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing need for studies on the changes in UHI intensity and long-term trends based on macroscopic characteristics related to urbanization. In this study, changes in seasonal UHI intensity based on urb...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inSustainability Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 112
Main Authors Lee, Kyungil, Kim, Yoonji, Sung, Hyun Chan, Ryu, Jieun, Jeon, Seong Woo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2020
Subjects
Anthropogenic factors
Cities
Climate change
Datasets
GDP
Geography
Gross Domestic Product
Heat
Population
Purchasing power parity
Seasons
Suburban areas
Sustainability
Temperature
Trend analysis
Trends
Urban areas
Urban heat islands
Urbanization
Beijing China
Asia
China
Japan
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in cities worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing need for studies on the changes in UHI intensity and long-term trends based on macroscopic characteristics related to urbanization. In this study, changes in seasonal UHI intensity based on urban area were analyzed for eight Asian mega cities from 1992–2012. The results indicate that the change in pattern of UHI intensity varies for different cities and seasons. UHI intensity increased as the urban area size increased. Furthermore, the dependency of UHI intensity on the economic situation was also demonstrated. With respect to the seasons, significantly increasing trends appeared during the summer. Moreover, depending on urban characteristics such as geography and climate, increasing trends appeared during other seasons. Population was also found to affect UHI intensity by generating anthropogenic heat; however, its effect as an individual factor appeared to be insignificant. This is a macroscale study that analyzes the effect of urban area size on UHI intensity. Future studies on urbanization factors and levels influencing the UHI intensity using higher resolution materials are required
AbstractList Urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in cities worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing need for studies on the changes in UHI intensity and long-term trends based on macroscopic characteristics related to urbanization. In this study, changes in seasonal UHI intensity based on urban area were analyzed for eight Asian mega cities from 1992–2012. The results indicate that the change in pattern of UHI intensity varies for different cities and seasons. UHI intensity increased as the urban area size increased. Furthermore, the dependency of UHI intensity on the economic situation was also demonstrated. With respect to the seasons, significantly increasing trends appeared during the summer. Moreover, depending on urban characteristics such as geography and climate, increasing trends appeared during other seasons. Population was also found to affect UHI intensity by generating anthropogenic heat; however, its effect as an individual factor appeared to be insignificant. This is a macroscale study that analyzes the effect of urban area size on UHI intensity. Future studies on urbanization factors and levels influencing the UHI intensity using higher resolution materials are required
Author Lee, Kyungil
Kim, Yoonji
Sung, Hyun Chan
Ryu, Jieun
Jeon, Seong Woo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kyungil
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Kyungil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yoonji
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1490-0782
  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Yoonji
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Hyun Chan
  surname: Sung
  fullname: Sung, Hyun Chan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jieun
  surname: Ryu
  fullname: Ryu, Jieun
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Seong Woo
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3131-1007
  surname: Jeon
  fullname: Jeon, Seong Woo
BookMark eNpNUMFKAzEQDVLBWnvxCwLehNVMsrvZHpeitlDx0p6XNDupKTWpSfbQvzfSgs4cZt6bx8B7t2TkvENC7oE9CTFjz3EAzoAB8Csy5kxCAaxio3_7DZnGuGe5hIAZ1GOi1gFdT1unDqdoI_WGbsJWObpAlegyHlS-Ll1CF2060VZrH3rrdjT5i7ANqOj8U7kdUpthtJl8x10mbbIY78i1UYeI08uckM3ry3q-KFYfb8t5uyq0qCEV2AtmsJcCmeLYMKG2jZZoTA2i7suqllvNoZSVACgrnmE2ykCiFKbRuhET8nD-ewz-e8CYur0fQvYVO16WwHNn2xPyeFbp4GMMaLpjsF8qnDpg3W-K3V-K4gfOlWPa
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jastp_2020_105374
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_171148
crossref_primary_10_12944_CWE_19_1_37
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14123431
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15053970
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2022_104373
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15086735
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jag_2024_103686
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_22_02585_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos13122057
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15164006
crossref_primary_10_3390_su151813355
crossref_primary_10_3390_su12187301
crossref_primary_10_3846_jeelm_2022_16374
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_164412
crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos11070680
crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings10120238
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18052398
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs13081531
crossref_primary_10_3390_su16114819
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolind_2023_111424
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecocom_2021_100947
crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_737_1_012002
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11829_023_09963_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_earth2010006
crossref_primary_10_3390_app122010412
crossref_primary_10_1590_2175_3369_013_e20200260
crossref_primary_10_3390_cli8030037
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_022_09967_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs14092164
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_uclim_2020_100726
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2022_120443
crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_environ_012320_083623
crossref_primary_10_1029_2021GH000535
crossref_primary_10_14710_jwl_11_1_22_35
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs12203282
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsase_2023_101049
crossref_primary_10_1007_s41324_021_00401_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2023_110581
Cites_doi 10.3390/rs9070672
10.3390/rs2122773
10.3390/environments6020010
10.1007/s12040-015-0648-8
10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.047
10.1002/joc.1822
10.1038/sdata.2017.122
10.1038/347169a0
10.1002/joc.2142
10.1007/s00704-007-0339-8
10.1038/s41598-017-04242-2
10.1016/j.scs.2014.09.007
10.1016/0034-4257(90)90056-R
10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6
10.1073/pnas.0400357101
10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<1099:UIDAEI>2.0.CO;2
10.1002/joc.971
10.1016/j.uclim.2018.12.012
10.1016/0957-1272(92)90014-J
10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0107.1
10.1256/qj.04.176
10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B2-165-2016
10.1029/2010JD015452
10.1175/JCLI3334.1
10.1002/joc.859
10.1002/2013GL057320
10.3390/rs6065852
10.1111/j.1475-4959.2007.232_3.x
10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6
10.1007/s11434-012-4999-0
10.3390/rs9100989
10.3390/environments2020125
10.1177/030913338100500301
10.1002/2016JD025292
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
4U-
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
DOI 10.3390/su12010112
DatabaseName CrossRef
University Readers
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central
University Readers
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central China
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Economics
Environmental Sciences
Geography
EISSN 2071-1050
ExternalDocumentID 10_3390_su12010112
GeographicLocations Beijing China
Asia
China
Japan
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
– name: Asia
– name: Beijing China
– name: Japan
GroupedDBID 29Q
2WC
4P2
5VS
7XC
8FE
8FH
A8Z
AAHBH
AAYXX
ACHQT
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AFMMW
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATCPS
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
CITATION
E3Z
ECGQY
ESTFP
FRS
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
KQ8
ML.
MODMG
M~E
OK1
P2P
PATMY
PIMPY
PROAC
PYCSY
TR2
4U-
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c361t-ed30fed73e0a2e803ab8c7eff6136d4567bc2147531145267b011017e73f8cc83
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 2071-1050
IngestDate Sat Nov 09 08:45:58 EST 2024
Fri Aug 23 04:55:31 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c361t-ed30fed73e0a2e803ab8c7eff6136d4567bc2147531145267b011017e73f8cc83
ORCID 0000-0003-1490-0782
0000-0003-3131-1007
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2441212100?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2441212100
PQPubID 2032327
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2441212100
crossref_primary_10_3390_su12010112
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Sustainability
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Hinkel (ref_35) 2003; 23
Song (ref_22) 2014; 7
Zhou (ref_9) 2017; 7
Liu (ref_33) 2007; 87
Fujibe (ref_45) 2011; 31
Hua (ref_18) 2008; 93
Lee (ref_44) 2017; 33
ref_36
Wang (ref_15) 2012; 57
Douglas (ref_1) 1981; 5
Santamouris (ref_4) 2013; 26
ref_30
Karger (ref_26) 2017; 4
Yang (ref_16) 2011; 116
Zhou (ref_28) 2013; 40
ref_38
Yao (ref_39) 2015; 14
ref_37
Jones (ref_13) 1990; 347
Zhou (ref_12) 2004; 101
Grover (ref_42) 2015; 2
Jauregui (ref_34) 1992; 26
Srivastava (ref_41) 2016; 125
ref_25
ref_47
ref_24
Carnahan (ref_46) 1990; 33
ref_23
Wickham (ref_19) 2013; 1
ref_21
Dienst (ref_10) 2019; 27
Gogtay (ref_31) 2017; 65
Arnfield (ref_7) 2003; 23
Oke (ref_8) 1973; 7
Fujibe (ref_3) 2009; 29
McKinnon (ref_29) 2016; 121
ref_40
Oke (ref_2) 1982; 108
Grimmond (ref_6) 2007; 173
Choi (ref_43) 2014; 6
Uppala (ref_27) 2005; 131
Jin (ref_20) 2005; 18
Hamdi (ref_11) 2010; 2
Schatz (ref_32) 2014; 53
Karl (ref_17) 1988; 1
ref_5
Tran (ref_14) 2006; 8
References_xml – ident: ref_30
– ident: ref_47
  doi: 10.3390/rs9070672
– volume: 2
  start-page: 2773
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Estimating urban heat island effects on the temperature series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) using remote sensing data and a land surface scheme
  publication-title: Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.3390/rs2122773
  contributor:
    fullname: Hamdi
– volume: 8
  start-page: 34
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities
  publication-title: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf.
  contributor:
    fullname: Tran
– volume: 65
  start-page: 78
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Principles of correlation analysis
  publication-title: J. Assoc. Physicians India
  contributor:
    fullname: Gogtay
– ident: ref_40
  doi: 10.3390/environments6020010
– volume: 125
  start-page: 85
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Heat islands over Mumbai as revealed by autorecorded thermograph data
  publication-title: J. Earth Syst. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s12040-015-0648-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Srivastava
– ident: ref_5
– ident: ref_24
– volume: 26
  start-page: 224
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island - a review of the actual developments
  publication-title: Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.047
  contributor:
    fullname: Santamouris
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1811
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Detection of urban warming in recent temperature trends in Japan
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.1822
  contributor:
    fullname: Fujibe
– volume: 4
  start-page: 170122
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas
  publication-title: Sci. Data
  doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.122
  contributor:
    fullname: Karger
– volume: 347
  start-page: 169
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Assessment of urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/347169a0
  contributor:
    fullname: Jones
– volume: 31
  start-page: 162
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Urban warming in Japanese cities and its relation to climate change monitoring
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.2142
  contributor:
    fullname: Fujibe
– volume: 93
  start-page: 179
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: The impact of urbanization on air temperature across China
  publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00704-007-0339-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Hua
– volume: 33
  start-page: 821
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Analysis of the effect of heat island on the administrative district unit in Seoul using LANDSAT image
  publication-title: Korean J. Remote Sens.
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee
– volume: 7
  start-page: 4791
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: The role of city size and urban form in the surface urban heat island
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04242-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 1
  start-page: 1895
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Influence of urban heating on the global temperature land average using rural sites identified from MODIS classifications
  publication-title: Geoinform. Geostat. Overv.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wickham
– ident: ref_23
– volume: 14
  start-page: 187
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: An integrated study of urban microclimates in Chongqing, China: Historical weather data, transverse measurement and numerical simulation
  publication-title: Sustain. Cities Soc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2014.09.007
  contributor:
    fullname: Yao
– volume: 33
  start-page: 65
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: An analysis of an urban heat sink
  publication-title: Remote Sens. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/0034-4257(90)90056-R
  contributor:
    fullname: Carnahan
– volume: 7
  start-page: 769
  year: 1973
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: City size and the urban heat island
  publication-title: Atmos. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Oke
– volume: 101
  start-page: 9540
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400357101
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 1
  start-page: 1099
  year: 1988
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Urbanization: Its detection and effect in the United States climate record
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<1099:UIDAEI>2.0.CO;2
  contributor:
    fullname: Karl
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1889
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: The urban heat island in winter at Barrow, Alaska
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.971
  contributor:
    fullname: Hinkel
– volume: 27
  start-page: 372
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Detection and elimination of UHI effects in long temperature records from villages–A case study from Tivissa, Spain
  publication-title: Urban Clim.
  doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2018.12.012
  contributor:
    fullname: Dienst
– volume: 26
  start-page: 391
  year: 1992
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Aspects of heat-island development in Guadalajara, Mexico
  publication-title: Atmos. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90014-J
  contributor:
    fullname: Jauregui
– ident: ref_25
– volume: 53
  start-page: 2371
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Seasonality of the urban heat island effect in Madison, Wisconsin
  publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol
  doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0107.1
  contributor:
    fullname: Schatz
– volume: 131
  start-page: 2961
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: The ERA-40 re-analysis
  publication-title: Q. J. Ryoal. Meteorol. Soc.
  doi: 10.1256/qj.04.176
  contributor:
    fullname: Uppala
– ident: ref_37
  doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B2-165-2016
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Observed surface warming induced by urbanization in east China
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1029/2010JD015452
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1551
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: The footprint of urban areas on global climate as characterized by MODIS
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI3334.1
  contributor:
    fullname: Jin
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.859
  contributor:
    fullname: Arnfield
– volume: 40
  start-page: 5486
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: On the statistics of urban heat island intensity
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2013GL057320
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 6
  start-page: 5852
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Assessment of surface urban heat islands over three megacities in East Asia using land surface temperature data retrieved from COMS
  publication-title: Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.3390/rs6065852
  contributor:
    fullname: Choi
– ident: ref_38
– ident: ref_36
– volume: 173
  start-page: 83
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Urbanization and global environmental change: Local effects of urban warming
  publication-title: Geogr. J.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2007.232_3.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Grimmond
– volume: 87
  start-page: 213
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island
  publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 57
  start-page: 1708
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Estimation of urbanization bias in observed surface temperature change in China from 1980 to 2009 using satellite land-use data
  publication-title: Chin. Sci. Bull.
  doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-4999-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– ident: ref_21
  doi: 10.3390/rs9100989
– volume: 7
  start-page: 46
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: World urbanization key issues and growth prospects in emerging cities
  publication-title: World Cities
  contributor:
    fullname: Song
– volume: 108
  start-page: 1
  year: 1982
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: The energetic basis of the urban heat island
  publication-title: Q. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc.
  contributor:
    fullname: Oke
– volume: 2
  start-page: 125
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Analysis of urban heat island (UHI) in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI): A comparative study of Delhi and Mumbai
  publication-title: Environments
  doi: 10.3390/environments2020125
  contributor:
    fullname: Grover
– volume: 5
  start-page: 315
  year: 1981
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: The city as an ecosystem
  publication-title: Prog. Phys. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1177/030913338100500301
  contributor:
    fullname: Douglas
– volume: 121
  start-page: 8849
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: The changing shape of Northern Hemisphere summer temperature distributions
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/2016JD025292
  contributor:
    fullname: McKinnon
SSID ssj0000331916
Score 2.4615016
Snippet Urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in cities worldwide. Therefore, there is an increasing need for studies on the changes in UHI intensity and...
SourceID proquest
crossref
SourceType Aggregation Database
StartPage 112
SubjectTerms Anthropogenic factors
Cities
Climate change
Datasets
GDP
Geography
Gross Domestic Product
Heat
Population
Purchasing power parity
Seasons
Suburban areas
Sustainability
Temperature
Trend analysis
Trends
Urban areas
Urban heat islands
Urbanization
Title Trend Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensity According to Urban Area Change in Asian Mega Cities
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2441212100
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LT8JAEJ4IHPBiFCWiSDbRa-Nut-yWk0EDEhOJMZJwa9p9qBeKUA_8e2fbrcSLx3a2l5nOc2fmA7ixbu2XFSwQ2o3kSKGCUcx1YDB0HSml0SOVXb5zMVtET8vh0hfctr6tsraJpaHWuXI18lt0Qyx0267o3forcKhR7nbVQ2g0oBVipkCb0LqfzF9ef6sslOMvxkS1l5Rjfo_yZe4CmLHwryf6a4hL7zI9hiMfFpJxJccTODCrDrTrqeFtB7qT_UQaHvQqiYS2hzH_2J1CWna4knrRCMktWWyydEVmaHGJkz5SfdN6sSMOKWLjfBcpcn9wjDEkqSYOyCc-uhFL8mze8WW5evUMFtPJ28Ms8BgKgeKCFYHRnFqjJTc0DU1MeZrFShqL4uFCY_QkM-WgilAVmUMbl5kLCJg0kttYqZh3obnKV-YciI6ojnQWmaHGD3WGfsxiPpSOKLUyFrIH1zU_k3W1KiPBFMNxPdlzvQf9mtWJV5dtshfuxf_kSzgMXcJb1kD60Cw23-YKo4IiG3jRD6DxuGQ_19y3QA
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,21400,27936,27937,33756,43817,74630
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3PT8IwFG4UDngxihpR1CZ6XVzX0Y6TQQOZCsQYSLgtW9uplw1hHvjvfW_rJFw8bu0u77Xv1977PkLuUoT9SgVzhMaRHCmU0w-4dgyErn2lNHiksst3KsK5_7LoLWzBbW3bKmubWBpqnSuskd-DG2Ieol25D8tvB1mj8O-qpdDYJ02EqoLkq_k4nL69_1VZXA5HjIkKl5RDfg_6ZfgDmDFv1xPtGuLSu4yOyKENC-mg0uMx2TNZm7TqqeF1m5wNtxNpsNFeSVhoWRrzz80JicsOV1oDjdA8pfNVEmc0BItLUfuwapvWiw1FpogV-i5a5HbjAGJIWk0c0C94xBFLOjEf8LKEXj0l89Fw9hQ6lkPBUVywwjGau6nRkhs39kzg8jgJlDQpqIcLDdGTTBRSFcFVZMg2LhMMCJg0kqeBUgE_I40sz8w5odp3ta8T3_Q0fKgT8GMp5ENx33VTGQjZIbe1PKNlBZURQYqBUo-2Uu-Qbi3qyF6XdbRV7sX_yzekFc4m42j8PH29JAceJr9lPaRLGsXqx1xBhFAk1_YY_AJcZLlJ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LTwIxEJ4oJOLFKEpEUZvodUNLl3Y5GVQIvggxknDb7PahXgBhPfDvnS5dCRePu20v8552Zj6AG-vGflnBAqFdS44UKuhEXAcGQ9eOUho9Ul7lOxSDcfg0aU98_dPSl1UWNjE31Hqm3B15E90Qa7lpV7RpfVnE6KF_O_8OHIKUe2n1cBq7UJah4LQE5bvecPT2d-NCOYobE-sZpRxzfeQ1c4_BjLW2vdK2Uc49Tf8QDnyISLprnh7BjplWoVJ0EC-rUOttutNwo1dPXKh4SPPP1TEkebUrKYaOkJkl40WaTMkArS9xkoCrvoA9WxGHGrFwfoxkM7-xi_EkWXcfkC_8dO2W5NV84M98DOsJjPu99_tB4PEUAsUFywKjObVGS25o0jIR5UkaKWkssooLjZGUTJWDLUK1ZA55XKYuOGDSSG4jpSJeg9J0NjWnQHRIdajT0LQ1HtQp-jSLuVHSodTKSMg6XBf0jOfrsRkxphuO6vGG6nVoFKSOveos4w2jz_5fvoI9lID45XH4fA77LZcH51cjDShlix9zgcFCll56KfgFzoa9dw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trend+Analysis+of+Urban+Heat+Island+Intensity+According+to+Urban+Area+Change+in+Asian+Mega+Cities&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.au=Lee%2C+Kyungil&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yoonji&rft.au=Hyun+Chan+Sung&rft.au=Ryu%2C+Jieun&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2071-1050&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=112&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu12010112&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon