Intelligent Control Schemes for Maximum Power Extraction from Photovoltaic Arrays under Faults

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 2; p. 974
• Main Authors: Ul-Haq, Azhar, Fahad, Shah, Gul, Saba, Bo, Rui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Arrays; Bridge failure; Comparative analysis; Comparative studies; Efficiency; Faults; Fuzzy logic; fuzzy logic scheme; Genetic algorithms; Maximum power; maximum power point tracking; Numerical analysis; Optimization; Photovoltaics; PV arrays; PV fault analysis; PV technologies; Shading; Short circuits; Thin films
• DOI: 10.3390/en16020974
• ISSN: 1996-1073

Investigation of power output from PV arrays under different fault conditions is an essential task to enhance performance of a photovoltaic system under all operating conditions. Significant reduction in power output can occur during various PV faults such as module disconnection, bypass diode failure, bridge fault, and short circuit fault under non-uniform shading conditions. These PV faults may cause several peaks in the characteristics curve of PV arrays, which can lead to failure of the MPPT control strategy. In fact, impact of a fault can differ depending on the type of PV array, and it can make the control of the system more complex. Therefore, consideration of suitable PV arrays with an effective control design is necessary for maximum power output from a PV system. For this purpose, the proposed study presents a comparative study of two intelligent control schemes, i.e., fuzzy logic (FL) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), with a conventional control scheme known as perturb and observe (P&O) for power extraction from a PV system. The comparative analysis is based on the performance of the control strategies under several faults and the types of PV modules, i.e., monocrystalline and thin-film PV arrays. In this study, numerical analysis for complex fault scenarios like multiple faults under partial shading have also been performed. Different from the previous literature, this study will reveal the performance of FL-, PSO-, and P&O-based MPPT strategies to track maximum peak power during multiple severe fault conditions while considering the accuracy and fast-tracking efficiencies of the control techniques. A thorough analysis along with in-depth quantitative data are presented, confirming the superiority of intelligent control techniques under multiple faults and different PV types.