In-Orbit Measurements and Analysis of Radio Interference in the UHF Amateur Radio Band from the LUME-1 Satellite

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 16; p. 3252
• Main Authors: Quintana-Diaz, Gara, Ekman, Torbjörn, Lago Agra, José Miguel, Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego, González Muíño, Alberto, Aguado Agelet, Fernando
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2021
• Subjects: Algorithms; Amateur radio; amateur radio band; Coefficient of variation; Communications systems; Error correction & detection; in-orbit measurements; interference statistics; Internet of Things; Laboratories; Measurement methods; Noise; Radar; Radio frequency interference; Radio interference; Random noise; Remote sensing; Satellite communications; Satellite tracking; Satellites; SDR (Software-Defined Radio); small satellite; Small satellites; Software; Software radio; Spectrum allocation; Systems design; Temporal variations; Theoretical analysis; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; North America; Europe; Africa; Spain
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs13163252

Radio interference in the uplink makes communication to satellites in the UHF amateur radio band (430–440 MHz) challenging for any satellite application. Interference measurements and characterisation can improve the robustness and reliability of the communication system design. Most published results focus on average power spectrum measurements and heatmaps. We apply a low complexity estimator on an SDR (Software-Defined Radio) to study the interference’s dispersion and temporal variation on-board a small satellite as an alternative. Measuring the Local Mean Envelope (LME) variability with different averaging window lengths enables the estimation of time variability of the interference. The coefficient of variation for the LME indicates how much the signals vary in time and the spread in magnitudes. In this article, theoretical analysis, simulations, and laboratory results were used to validate this measurement method. In-orbit measurements were performed on-board the LUME-1 satellite. Band-limited interference with pulsed temporal behaviour and a high coefficient of variation was detected over North America, Europe, and the Arctic, where space-tracking radars are located. Wide-band pulsed interference with high time variability was also detected over Europe. These measurements show why operators that use a communication system designed for Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) at power levels obtained from heatmaps struggle to command their satellites.