Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications

This study aims to develop an accurate model of a charge equalization controller (CEC) that manages individual cell monitoring and equalizing by charging and discharging series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. In this concept, an intelligent control algorithm is developed to activate bi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEnergies (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1390
Main Authors Hannan, Mahammad, Hoque, Mohammad, Ker, Pin, Begum, Rawshan, Mohamed, Azah
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2017
Subjects
charge equalization controller
Charging
control algorithm
Control theory
Controllers
Direct current
Electric converters
Energy conversion efficiency
Energy storage
Equalization
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
lithium-ion battery
modeling
Power loss
Pulse duration
Pulse duration modulation
state of charge
Storage systems
Sustainability
sustainable energies
Voltage converters (DC to DC)
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Summary:This study aims to develop an accurate model of a charge equalization controller (CEC) that manages individual cell monitoring and equalizing by charging and discharging series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. In this concept, an intelligent control algorithm is developed to activate bidirectional cell switches and control direct current (DC)-DC converter switches along with pulse width modulation (PWM) generation. Individual models of an electric vehicle (EV)-sustainable Li-ion battery, optimal power rating, a bidirectional flyback DC-DC converter, and charging and discharging controllers are integrated to develop a small-scale CEC model that can be implemented for 10 series-connected Li-ion battery cells. Results show that the charge equalization controller operates at 91% efficiency and performs well in equalizing both overdischarged and overcharged cells on time. Moreover, the outputs of the CEC model show that the desired balancing level occurs at 2% of state of charge difference and that all cells are operated within a normal range. The configuration, execution, control, power loss, cost, size, and efficiency of the developed CEC model are compared with those of existing controllers. The proposed model is proven suitable for high-tech storage systems toward the advancement of sustainable EV technologies and renewable source of applications.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en10091390