Validation Testing Demonstrates Efficacy of a 7-Day Fluid Record to Estimate Daily Water Intake in Adult Men and Women When Compared with Total Body Water Turnover Measurement

• Published in: The Journal of nutrition Vol. 147; no. 10; pp. 2001 - 2007
• Main Authors: Johnson, Evan C, Péronnet, François, Jansen, Lisa T, Capitan-Jiménez, Catalina, Adams, J D, Guelinckx, Isabelle, Jiménez, Liliana, Mauromoustakos, Andy, Kavouras, Stavros A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Institute of Nutrition 01.10.2017
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Beverages - analysis; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Body water; Body Water - metabolism; Computational fluid dynamics; Data collection; Deuterium; Deuterium Oxide; Diaries; Diet Records; Dilution; Drinking; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Female; Fluids; Food; Food Analysis; Heavy water; Humans; Male; Mathematical analysis; Measurement methods; Mens health; Middle Aged; Moisture content; Nutrition Assessment; Reliability analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires; Validation studies; Water; Water - administration & dosage; Water - metabolism; Water content; Water intake; Water intakes; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Womens health; fluid intake; deuterium oxide; 7-day record; diet record; hydration; dietary assessment; water turnover; Liq.in7; water
• DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.253377
• ISSN: 0022-3166

Mean daily water intake from fluids (WATER-FL) has proven to be difficult to measure because of a range of nonvalidated data collection techniques. Few questionnaires have been validated to estimate WATER-FL against self-reported diaries or urinary hydration markers, which may limit their objectivity. The goals of this investigation were ) to assess the validity of a 7-d fluid record (7dFLR) to measure WATER-FL (WATER-FL-7dFLR) through comparison with WATER-FL as calculated by measuring deuterium oxide (D O) disappearance (WATER-FL-D O), and ) to evaluate the reliability of the 7dFLR in measuring WATER-FL. Participants [ = 96; 51% female; mean ± SD age: 41 ± 14 y; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m ): 26.2 ± 5.1] completed body water turnover analysis over 3 consecutive weeks. They completed the 7dFLR and food diaries during weeks 2 and 4 of the observation. The records were entered into nutritional software to determine the water content of all foods and fluids consumed. WATER-FL-D O was calculated from water turnover (via the D O dilution method), minus water from food and metabolic water. The agreement between the 2 methods of determining WATER-FL were compared according to a Bland-Altman plot at week 2. The test-retest reliability of 7dFLR between weeks 2 and 4 was assessed via intraclass correlation (ICC). The mean ± SD difference between WATER-FL-7dFLR and WATER-FL-D O was -131 ± 845 mL/d. In addition, no bias was observed ( = 0.484; = 0.006; = 0.488). When comparing WATER-FL-7dFLR from weeks 2 and 4, no significant difference (mean ± SD difference: 71 ± 75 mL/d; = 0.954; = 0.343) and an ICC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.90) was observed. The main findings of this study were that the use of the 7dFLR is an effective and reliable method to estimate WATER-FL in adults. This style of questionnaire may be extremely helpful for collecting water intake data for large-scale epidemiologic studies.