The effect of using theodolite 3D AR in teaching measurement error on learning outcomes and satisfaction of civil engineering students with different spatial ability

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in teaching angle measurement error to vocational high school students with different spatial ability. A quasi-experimental pretest/po...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInteractive learning environments Vol. 31; no. 5; pp. 2722 - 2736
Main Authors Weng, Cathy, Puspitasari, Dani, Tran, Khanh Nguyen Phuong, Feng, Pei Jie, Awuor, Nicholas O., Matere, Isaac Manyonge
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Abingdon Routledge 04.07.2023
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1049-4820
1744-5191
DOI10.1080/10494820.2021.1898989

Cover

Loading…
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in teaching angle measurement error to vocational high school students with different spatial ability. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest was employed. There were 197 students from three vocational high schools in the southern, northern, and eastern part of Taiwan participated in this study. To minimize the biased result, we established one control group and one experimental group in each school. The experimental group used multimedia teaching tools and AR technology as a supplement, while the control group was taught by multimedia teaching tools only. We assessed some factors that possibly affect the learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, including different spatial abilities and different digital materials as teaching tools. Our finding highlights that different teaching materials influence students' learning outcomes and satisfaction, whereas spatial ability does not affect. Further discussion and implementation are also identified in this study.
AbstractList The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students’ learning outcomes and satisfaction in teaching angle measurement error to vocational high school students with different spatial ability. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest was employed. There were 197 students from three vocational high schools in the southern, northern, and eastern part of Taiwan participated in this study. To minimize the biased result, we established one control group and one experimental group in each school. The experimental group used multimedia teaching tools and AR technology as a supplement, while the control group was taught by multimedia teaching tools only. We assessed some factors that possibly affect the learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, including different spatial abilities and different digital materials as teaching tools. Our finding highlights that different teaching materials influence students’ learning outcomes and satisfaction, whereas spatial ability does not affect. Further discussion and implementation are also identified in this study.
Audience High Schools
Secondary Education
Author Puspitasari, Dani
Tran, Khanh Nguyen Phuong
Feng, Pei Jie
Matere, Isaac Manyonge
Weng, Cathy
Awuor, Nicholas O.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Cathy
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8095-8494
  surname: Weng
  fullname: Weng, Cathy
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Dani
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2686-294X
  surname: Puspitasari
  fullname: Puspitasari, Dani
  email: puspitadani@gmail.com
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Khanh Nguyen Phuong
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9344-699X
  surname: Tran
  fullname: Tran, Khanh Nguyen Phuong
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pei Jie
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1346-538X
  surname: Feng
  fullname: Feng, Pei Jie
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Nicholas O.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2158-1580
  surname: Awuor
  fullname: Awuor, Nicholas O.
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Isaac Manyonge
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5080-8516
  surname: Matere
  fullname: Matere, Isaac Manyonge
  organization: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
BackLink http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1394668$$DView record in ERIC
BookMark eNqFkc1qGzEUhYeSQpO0jxAQdG1Xf5YlumlI0z8CheK9uKO5ihVmJFfSNPiB-p7V4GTTRYsWEpzvnCvpXHRnMUXsuitG14xq-o5RaaTmdM0pZ2umzbJedOdsK-Vqwww7a-fGrBboVXdRygOlTAolz7vfuz0S9B5dJcmTuYR4T-oe05DGUJGIj-T6BwmRVAS3X8QJocwZJ4yVYM4pkxTJiJDjoqa5ujRhIRAHUqCG4sHV0JCW7sKvMBKM9yEi5gUvdR5aUCGPoe7JENpF8hJcDs0KI4E-tGscX3cvPYwF3zztl93u0-3u5svq7vvnrzfXdysnFK0rZJwqPRjGtwxM78wgNeu3Bhxs6YBCeWBGOu6FAeFQcEWVGYRXpqeoe3HZvT3FHnL6OWOp9iHNObaJlmuxUVpzyRt1daLaE5w95DBBPtrbb0wYqZRu-vuT7nIqJaO3LlRY_qBmCKNl1C612efa7FKbfaqtuTd_uZ8n_M_34eQL0ac8wWPK42ArHMeUfYboQrHi3xF_AFHSsxM
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s10055_025_01118_z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_11966_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10763_024_10484_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12602_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_encyclopedia5010010
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2022_2158477
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2024_2367019
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.010
10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.002
10.1186/s12909-016-0757-3
10.1002/ase.1603
10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054
10.1016/j.procir.2018.02.042
10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.014
10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01597
10.1016/j.aei.2017.09.005
10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2886
10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.007
10.1111/jcal.12173
10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.003
10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02205
10.3390/educsci9030235
10.1080/10494820.2014.982131
10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.220
10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102935
10.1007/s11251-012-9244-3
10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00180.x
10.1109/38.963459
10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9
10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.010
10.1016/j.cag.2009.11.003
10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
10.1002/ase.1696
10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.004
10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.003
10.2307/30036539
10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005
10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.284
10.15804/tner.2017.50.4.17
10.1007/BF00287729
10.1111/bjet.12716
10.1006/imms.1993.1075
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00955
10.1016/j.compedu.2010.07.004
10.5120/7700-1041
10.1089/cyber.2018.0150
10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.152
10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.232
10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.007
10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002
10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.356
10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103596
10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.032
10.1080/15326900701399897
10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.203
10.1016/j.aei.2018.10.004
10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.011
10.1177/0735633118757017
10.1016/j.dss.2019.05.001
10.1007/s10956-011-9345-9
10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355
10.3991/ijet.v12i02.6158
10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.015
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2021
2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2021
– notice: 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
AHOVV
DOI 10.1080/10494820.2021.1898989
DatabaseName CrossRef
ERIC
ERIC (Ovid)
ERIC
ERIC
ERIC (Legacy Platform)
ERIC( SilverPlatter )
ERIC
ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
ERIC
Education Research Index
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ERIC
DatabaseTitleList

ERIC
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: ERI
  name: ERIC
  url: https://eric.ed.gov/
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
EISSN 1744-5191
ERIC EJ1394668
EndPage 2736
ExternalDocumentID EJ1394668
10_1080_10494820_2021_1898989
1898989
Genre Research Article
GeographicLocations Taiwan
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Taiwan
GroupedDBID .7I
.DC
.QK
0BK
0R~
29J
4.4
5VS
AAGZJ
AAHSB
AAMFJ
AAMIU
AAPUL
AATTQ
AAZJI
AAZMC
ABCCY
ABFIM
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABLIJ
ABPEM
ABTAI
ABXUL
ABXYU
ABZLS
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACTIO
ACTOA
ADAHI
ADCVX
ADKVQ
ADLRE
ADXPE
AECIN
AEISY
AEKEX
AEMXT
AEOZL
AEPSL
AEYOC
AEZRU
AGDLA
AGMYJ
AGRBW
AHDZW
AIJEM
AJWEG
AKBVH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALQZU
AVBZW
AWYRJ
BEJHT
BLEHA
BMOTO
BOHLJ
CCCUG
CQ1
CS3
DGFLZ
DKSSO
DU5
EBS
E~B
E~C
G-F
GTTXZ
H13
HF~
HZ~
IPNFZ
J.O
KYCEM
LJTGL
M4Z
NA5
NX.
O9-
P2P
PQQKQ
RIG
RNANH
ROSJB
RSYQP
S-F
STATR
TBQAZ
TDBHL
TED
TFH
TFL
TFW
TNTFI
TRJHH
TUROJ
UT5
UT9
VAE
~01
~S~
.GO
AAGDL
AAHIA
AAYXX
ADMLS
ADYSH
AEFOU
AFRVT
AIYEW
AMPGV
CITATION
07N
1TA
4B4
7SW
AAELO
AAMUQ
ABIFC
ACDYK
ACMAZ
ADQZN
AEHJO
AEWWQ
AFNSQ
AFRRA
AFYVU
AGDNC
AGEYI
AHUAE
AJQZJ
AKCKI
ASRXX
AYGLJ
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
BRMHY
BUAEY
BWQWQ
C5G
CAG
COF
C~Y
DADXH
DCMBD
EJD
EORKJ
ERI
HLD
HTOLE
IBTYS
L7Z
ONUMK
PET
REK
TASJS
TBA
TZEDD
UA4
WWN
AHOVV
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-e12068d91271a9bc9d481b79aca70de36fa194c2f39a3ce326069d3f69b0e8b3
ISSN 1049-4820
IngestDate Sun Jul 27 14:40:31 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 02 19:38:17 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:24:47 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:23 EDT 2025
Wed Dec 25 09:04:37 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess false
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c360t-e12068d91271a9bc9d481b79aca70de36fa194c2f39a3ce326069d3f69b0e8b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-1346-538X
0000-0002-2686-294X
0000-0001-9344-699X
0000-0003-2158-1580
0000-0001-8095-8494
0000-0001-5080-8516
PQID 2835688242
PQPubID 436408
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_10494820_2021_1898989
eric_primary_EJ1394668
crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_10494820_2021_1898989
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2021_1898989
proquest_journals_2835688242
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-07-04
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-07-04
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-07-04
  day: 04
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Abingdon
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Abingdon
PublicationTitle Interactive learning environments
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Routledge
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Routledge
– name: Taylor & Francis Ltd
References CIT0030
CIT0032
CIT0034
CIT0033
CIT0036
CIT0035
CIT0038
CIT0037
Ozdemir M. (CIT0045) 2018; 18
CIT0039
CIT0041
CIT0040
CIT0043
CIT0042
CIT0001
CIT0044
Köksal D. (CIT0031) 2018; 14
CIT0003
CIT0002
CIT0046
CIT0005
CIT0049
CIT0004
CIT0048
CIT0007
CIT0006
CIT0009
CIT0008
CIT0050
CIT0052
CIT0051
CIT0010
CIT0054
CIT0053
CIT0012
CIT0056
CIT0011
CIT0055
CIT0014
CIT0057
CIT0016
CIT0015
CIT0059
CIT0018
CIT0017
CIT0019
CIT0060
Weng C. (CIT0061) 2019
CIT0063
CIT0062
CIT0021
CIT0065
CIT0020
CIT0064
CIT0023
CIT0067
CIT0022
CIT0066
Chiang T. H. C. (CIT0013) 2014; 17
CIT0025
CIT0024
CIT0029
Ulaş İLİC (CIT0058) 2019
CIT0028
Patton M. Q. (CIT0047) 2002
References_xml – ident: CIT0038
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.010
– ident: CIT0040
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.002
– ident: CIT0020
  doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0757-3
– ident: CIT0033
  doi: 10.1002/ase.1603
– ident: CIT0001
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054
– volume: 17
  start-page: 352
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: CIT0013
  publication-title: Educational Technology & Society
– ident: CIT0054
  doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2018.02.042
– ident: CIT0059
  doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
– ident: CIT0066
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.014
– ident: CIT0009
  doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01597
– ident: CIT0057
  doi: 10.1016/j.aei.2017.09.005
– ident: CIT0044
  doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2886
– ident: CIT0011
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.007
– ident: CIT0025
  doi: 10.1111/jcal.12173
– ident: CIT0067
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.003
– ident: CIT0023
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
– year: 2019
  ident: CIT0058
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
– ident: CIT0007
  doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02205
– ident: CIT0048
  doi: 10.3390/educsci9030235
– ident: CIT0010
  doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.982131
– ident: CIT0028
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.220
– ident: CIT0036
  doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102935
– ident: CIT0064
  doi: 10.1007/s11251-012-9244-3
– ident: CIT0024
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00180.x
– ident: CIT0004
  doi: 10.1109/38.963459
– volume: 14
  start-page: 76
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: CIT0031
  publication-title: Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies
– ident: CIT0012
  doi: 10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9
– ident: CIT0015
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.010
– volume: 18
  start-page: 165
  issue: 74
  year: 2018
  ident: CIT0045
  publication-title: Eurasian Journal of Educational Research
– ident: CIT0042
  doi: 10.1016/j.cag.2009.11.003
– ident: CIT0051
  doi: 10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
– ident: CIT0043
  doi: 10.1002/ase.1696
– ident: CIT0021
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.004
– ident: CIT0029
  doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.003
– ident: CIT0056
  doi: 10.2307/30036539
– ident: CIT0046
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005
– ident: CIT0052
  doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.284
– ident: CIT0017
  doi: 10.15804/tner.2017.50.4.17
– ident: CIT0006
  doi: 10.1007/BF00287729
– ident: CIT0037
  doi: 10.1111/bjet.12716
– ident: CIT0053
  doi: 10.1006/imms.1993.1075
– ident: CIT0019
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00955
– ident: CIT0014
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.07.004
– volume-title: Qualitative research & evaluation methods
  year: 2002
  ident: CIT0047
– ident: CIT0055
  doi: 10.5120/7700-1041
– year: 2019
  ident: CIT0061
  publication-title: Journal of Educational Computing Research
– ident: CIT0022
  doi: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0150
– ident: CIT0035
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.152
– ident: CIT0030
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.232
– ident: CIT0050
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.007
– ident: CIT0018
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002
– ident: CIT0041
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.356
– ident: CIT0049
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103596
– ident: CIT0060
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.032
– ident: CIT0032
  doi: 10.1080/15326900701399897
– ident: CIT0005
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.203
– ident: CIT0016
  doi: 10.1016/j.aei.2018.10.004
– ident: CIT0034
  doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.011
– ident: CIT0062
  doi: 10.1177/0735633118757017
– ident: CIT0039
  doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2019.05.001
– ident: CIT0008
  doi: 10.1007/s10956-011-9345-9
– ident: CIT0063
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
– ident: CIT0003
  doi: 10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355
– ident: CIT0002
  doi: 10.3991/ijet.v12i02.6158
– ident: CIT0065
  doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.015
SSID ssj0014364
Score 2.3489683
Snippet The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students' learning outcomes and...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students’ learning outcomes and...
SourceID proquest
eric
crossref
informaworld
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 2722
SubjectTerms Applications in subject areas
augmented and virtual reality
Augmented reality
Civil Engineering
Comparative Analysis
Computer Simulation
Computer Software
Control Groups
Educational objectives
Engineering Education
Error analysis
Error of Measurement
Experimental Groups
Foreign Countries
High School Students
improving classroom teaching
Instructional Materials
Learning
Learning Processes
Measurement errors
Multimedia
Multimedia Instruction
Outcomes of Education
pedagogical issues
Spatial Ability
Spatial analysis
Student Attitudes
Students
Teaching Methods
teaching/learning strategies
Vocational High Schools
Title The effect of using theodolite 3D AR in teaching measurement error on learning outcomes and satisfaction of civil engineering students with different spatial ability
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10494820.2021.1898989
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1394668
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2835688242
Volume 31
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Li9swEBZp9tJL6Wtp2u0yh96MU1tS_DiG7paQ0mUJKezNWLbcBFK7JHah_T_9U_01HT38CLuwfVxMUCJZMF9GM6NvZgh5E-GpIGiBTs4sn6GDEnE3ZSobLQ8yRECRF7qI68erYPGJL29mN6PRrwFrqanFNPtxZ17Jv0gVx1CuKkv2LyTbLYoD-Bnli0-UMD7_WMaGkKFsvuZgU5_Q01SZxQ67cOYrTWRsKZNf-oigI_f7aq_uCnZtdKRqatylNFWbD4O0B809337b7hzZly_UlWn7_Li200rtHBRJW5Ug0Lzbo2tjHX9MtYrtXzvMtesviowOUgmKXdD_utE9Tg5pnx3fBR72JpD7YZOWG-fqc_NdonLfNJU9mLWxa5a8lltnuZXDcAdlmhrbhzuPeVJGZ6OT4_KImusdacZCzl00Tv2horfHzXZ4lW60dmhyo60FQE02xO3TxdAxfV1Sh3pT3J4_9SPdgbM_TjuSo_3mATmh6MLQMTlZr5aLRXfHxZkubtZtv80vi7y3d77iyHKy5Pyj8rq3zAltI60fk0fWuYG5QeoTMpLlU9UX3HKInpGfiFgwiIWqAI1Y6BEL7ALmK9iW0CIWBogFjVioSmihAy1iARELQ8Sq1TViYYBYaBELCrHQIRYsYsEi9jlZv79cv1u4tlGIm7HAq13pUy-I8tinoZ_GIotzjt5YGKdZGnq5ZEGR-jHPaMHilGUSPRYviHNWBLHwZCTYKRmXVSlfEIiEJyIaZUIWgqcFF36Bs30WCCFDtOUmhLcySDJbRF_1ctklvq2124ouUaJLrOgmZNpN-2qqyNw34VQJuPvx5RI9NR4E0YTEQ5EntY7rFaYJT8LuWfSsxUditdghUfUWA3SzOX35H0u_Ig_7P-sZGdf7Rr5Ga70W5zoidW7B_xuJKeyC
linkProvider Taylor & Francis
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagPcAFyqNioYU5cM0qib3e-FhBq7C0PVSL1JsVO3a1oiRok61U_k__Z2cSZ7sFoR56yiEZy5bHnke--YaxzxlaBZN6DHIm5QQDlExEBadqtFJa1ABf-o7E9eRU5j_E7HxyvlELQ7BKiqF9TxTR3dV0uCkZPUDi8EmkJmmM4V2ajJOs64H4lG1PlOAYgG3Pz2Z5vv6XIHhHIkVCEUkNdTz_G-iehQog6Hs0pv9c250tOnrJ7LCKHoLyc7xqzdj--Yvg8XHL3GEvgqsKB71uvWJPXPWaujwHRMgbdoM6Bj0gBGoPBKG_AKqMLAlU54B_hYMzWFTQBsgm_LrLSIJbLusl1BWExhUXUK9anKFrAKcMzUbZBY1uF1eLS3B39InQ9LScDVAuGYZOLy00BBLHifcM5Ndv2fzocP4lj0Lbh8hyGbeRS9JYZqVK0mlSKGNVKdC3nqrCFtO4dFz6IlHCpp6rgluH_mcsVcm9VCZ2meG7bKuqK_eOQWZigxGlNc4bUXhhEo_SCZfGuCla5hETw05rGyjRqTPHpU4Cc-qwBZq2QIctGLHxWux3zwnykMAuqdH648MZ-t1CymzE1KZi6bbL0vi-pYrmDwy6N2ihDvdOo4k9T2LQJNL3jxj6E3uWz0-O9fG30-8f2HN8xTuEsthjW-1y5fbRD2vNx3DQbgH7biYl
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwELYKSBWXvlG3pe0cuGYVx15vfESF1XbbIoS2Um9W_EIrlgRtskj0__R_dpw4C7SqOHDKIRnL1ow9M8433xBykKNX0JnHJGdkR5ig5DwpWKhGs8KgBXjrWxLX7ydi-oPPfo56NGEdYZUhh_YdUUR7VofNfWV9j4jDZ-A0yVLM7jI6pHnbAnGL7Aj0R2jkO_Oz2XS6-ZXAWcshFYSSINWX8fxvoHsOKmKg77GY_nNqt65o8pzofhEdAuViuG700Pz6i9_xUat8QZ7FQBUOO8t6SZ648lXo8RzxIK_Jb7Qw6OAgUHkIAPpzCHWRNkDqHLAjODyDRQlNBGzC5e19JLjVqlpBVUJsW3EO1brBCboacMZQ3ym6CKObxfViCe6WPBHqjpSzhnCTDH2flwbqABHHiXf84zdvyHxyPP88TWLTh8QwkTaJo1kqcitpNqaF1EZajpH1WBamGKfWMeELKrnJPJMFMw6jz1RIy7yQOnW5Zntku6xK95ZArlON-aTRzmteeK6pR2nKhNZujH55QHivaGUiIXroy7FUNPKm9ipQQQUqqmBAhhuxq44R5CGBvWBFm4-PZxh1cyHyAZF37Uo17R2N7xqqKPbAoPu9Eap46tQqcOcJTJl49u4RQ38iT0-PJurbl5Ov78kuvmEtPJnvk-1mtXYfMAhr9Me4zf4AOYAkyQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+using+theodolite+3D+AR+in+teaching+measurement+error+on+learning+outcomes+and+satisfaction+of+civil+engineering+students+with+different+spatial+ability&rft.jtitle=Interactive+learning+environments&rft.au=Weng%2C+Cathy&rft.au=Puspitasari%2C+Dani&rft.au=Tran%2C+Khanh+Nguyen+Phuong&rft.au=Feng%2C+Pei+Jie&rft.date=2023-07-04&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.issn=1049-4820&rft.eissn=1744-5191&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2722&rft.epage=2736&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10494820.2021.1898989&rft.externalDocID=1898989
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1049-4820&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1049-4820&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1049-4820&client=summon