Metrical evidence for the evolution of English syntax

Kuhn (1933) proposed that the evolution of Germanic syntax began with a need to restore acceptable sentence rhythm after a shift to fixed initial stress. Kuhn found support for his hypothesis in ‘laws’ for word placement that applied in alliterative poetry but not in prose. Kuhn assumed that his law...

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Published inEnglish language and linguistics Vol. 26; no. 3; pp. 583 - 601
Main Author RUSSOM, GEOFFREY
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.09.2022
Subjects
Alliteration
Anon (600-1100) (Beowulf and Judith)
Diachronic linguistics
Germanic languages
Hypotheses
Inscriptions
Language
Linguistics
Meter
Poetry
Prose
Proto languages
Rhythm
Syntactic change
Syntax
Text analysis
Word order
Kuhn's Laws
Proto-Germanic
diachronic syntax
alliterative meter
language typology
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1360-6743
1469-4379
DOI10.1017/S136067432200017X

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Abstract Kuhn (1933) proposed that the evolution of Germanic syntax began with a need to restore acceptable sentence rhythm after a shift to fixed initial stress. Kuhn found support for his hypothesis in ‘laws’ for word placement that applied in alliterative poetry but not in prose. Kuhn assumed that his laws were syntactic rules of Proto-Germanic maintained by conservative poets. Here I argue that Kuhn's Laws were rules of poetic meter that obscured basic word order. Adopting the universalist approach in Russom (2017), I integrate Kuhn's Laws with the metrical constraints observed by Sievers (1893) and explore the interaction between meter and syntax. When there are no adverse metrical consequences, subject-object-verb order is employed with remarkable consistency in Beowulf, our most valuable source of poetic evidence. My analysis receives independent support from Smith (1971), a study of the earliest Germanic texts that focuses primarily on prose.
AbstractList Kuhn (1933) proposed that the evolution of Germanic syntax began with a need to restore acceptable sentence rhythm after a shift to fixed initial stress. Kuhn found support for his hypothesis in ‘laws’ for word placement that applied in alliterative poetry but not in prose. Kuhn assumed that his laws were syntactic rules of Proto-Germanic maintained by conservative poets. Here I argue that Kuhn's Laws were rules of poetic meter that obscured basic word order. Adopting the universalist approach in Russom (2017), I integrate Kuhn's Laws with the metrical constraints observed by Sievers (1893) and explore the interaction between meter and syntax. When there are no adverse metrical consequences, subject-object-verb order is employed with remarkable consistency in Beowulf, our most valuable source of poetic evidence. My analysis receives independent support from Smith (1971), a study of the earliest Germanic texts that focuses primarily on prose.
Kuhn (1933) proposed that the evolution of Germanic syntax began with a need to restore acceptable sentence rhythm after a shift to fixed initial stress. Kuhn found support for his hypothesis in ‘laws’ for word placement that applied in alliterative poetry but not in prose. Kuhn assumed that his laws were syntactic rules of Proto-Germanic maintained by conservative poets. Here I argue that Kuhn's Laws were rules of poetic meter that obscured basic word order. Adopting the universalist approach in Russom (2017), I integrate Kuhn's Laws with the metrical constraints observed by Sievers (1893) and explore the interaction between meter and syntax. When there are no adverse metrical consequences, subject-object-verb order is employed with remarkable consistency in Beowulf , our most valuable source of poetic evidence. My analysis receives independent support from Smith (1971), a study of the earliest Germanic texts that focuses primarily on prose.
Author RUSSOM, GEOFFREY
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Issue 3
Keywords Kuhn's Laws
Proto-Germanic
diachronic syntax
alliterative meter
language typology
Language English
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
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RelatedPersons Anon (600-1100) (Beowulf and Judith)
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Snippet Kuhn (1933) proposed that the evolution of Germanic syntax began with a need to restore acceptable sentence rhythm after a shift to fixed initial stress. Kuhn...
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SubjectTerms Alliteration
Anon (600-1100) (Beowulf and Judith)
Diachronic linguistics
Germanic languages
Hypotheses
Inscriptions
Language
Linguistics
Meter
Poetry
Prose
Proto languages
Rhythm
Syntactic change
Syntax
Text analysis
Word order
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Title Metrical evidence for the evolution of English syntax
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