A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi

Objective. Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as...

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Published inAmerican journal of health promotion Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. e1 - e25
Main Authors Jahnke, Roger, Larkey, Linda, Rogers, Carol, Etnier, Jennifer, Lin, Fang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.07.2010
Subjects
Breathing Exercises
Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Tai Ji
Health Focus: fitness/physical activity
skill building
Meditation
Manuscript format: literature review
seniors
Tai Chi
Strategy: education
Qigong
Research purpose: Setting: health care
Meditative Movement
Mindfulness
community
Prevention Research
race/ethnicity
Target population: all adults
Taiji
Mind-Body Practice
Target population circumstances: all SES
Breathing
Moderate Exercise
stress management
international
psychosocial/spiritual health
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Abstract Objective. Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both. Data Sources. The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. Study Inclusion Criteria. RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007. Data Extraction. Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study. Synthesis. Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated. Results. Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6). Conclusions. Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.
AbstractList Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both.OBJECTIVEResearch examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both.The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007.DATA SOURCESThe key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007.Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study.DATA EXTRACTIONCountry, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study.Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated.SYNTHESISOutcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated.Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6).RESULTSSeventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6).Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.CONCLUSIONSResearch has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.
Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both. The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007. Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study. Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated. Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6). Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.
Objective. Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both. Data Sources. The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. Study Inclusion Criteria. RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007. Data Extraction. Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study. Synthesis. Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated. Results. Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6). Conclusions. Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.
Author Jahnke, Roger
Rogers, Carol
Lin, Fang
Larkey, Linda
Etnier, Jennifer
AuthorAffiliation 3 Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004. Phone: 677-0711, Fax 496-0775
2 Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004
5 13448 E Bloomfield Drive, Scottsdale AZ 85259
1 The Institute of Integral Qigong and Tai Chi, 243 Pebble Beach Santa Barbara CA, 93117
4 University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27140
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004
– name: 3 Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004. Phone: 677-0711, Fax 496-0775
– name: 1 The Institute of Integral Qigong and Tai Chi, 243 Pebble Beach Santa Barbara CA, 93117
– name: 4 University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27140
– name: 5 13448 E Bloomfield Drive, Scottsdale AZ 85259
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Roger
  surname: Jahnke
  fullname: Jahnke, Roger
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Linda
  surname: Larkey
  fullname: Larkey, Linda
  email: larkeylite@msn.com
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Carol
  surname: Rogers
  fullname: Rogers, Carol
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jennifer
  surname: Etnier
  fullname: Etnier, Jennifer
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Fang
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Fang
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594090$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 6
Keywords Health Focus: fitness/physical activity
skill building
Meditation
Manuscript format: literature review
seniors
Tai Chi
Strategy: education
Qigong
Research purpose: Setting: health care
Meditative Movement
Mindfulness
community
Prevention Research
race/ethnicity
Target population: all adults
Taiji
Mind-Body Practice
Target population circumstances: all SES
Breathing
Moderate Exercise
stress management
international
psychosocial/spiritual health
Language English
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Snippet Objective. Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai...
Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
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sage
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
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StartPage e1
SubjectTerms Breathing Exercises
Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Tai Ji
Title A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi
URI https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594090
https://www.proquest.com/docview/733992548
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3085832
Volume 24
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