Hyperprolactinemia and cancer risk: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with...
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| Published in | ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS Vol. 14; no. 6 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article Publication |
| Language | English |
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England
Bioscientifica Ltd
01.06.2025
Bioscientifica |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2049-3614 2049-3614 |
| DOI | 10.1530/EC-25-0108 |
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| Abstract | Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer.
In this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3,837 patients (2,955 (77%) women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38,370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis.
Cancer outcomes (overall and specific types), as registered in the Swedish Cancer Register, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).
During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1,608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89-1.23)). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer (aHR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.68-1.51)). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer.
In this nationwide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed. |
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| AbstractList | Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer.
In this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3,837 patients (2,955 (77%) women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38,370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis.
Cancer outcomes (overall and specific types), as registered in the Swedish Cancer Register, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).
During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1,608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89-1.23)). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer (aHR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.68-1.51)). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer.
In this nationwide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed. OBJECTIVE: Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer. DESIGN: In this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3,837 patients (2,955 (77%) women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38,370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis. METHODS: Cancer outcomes (overall and specific types), as registered in the Swedish Cancer Register, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1,608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.89-1.23)). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer (aHR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.68-1.51)). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed. Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nation-wide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer.OBJECTIVEProlactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer risk in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPL). The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in a nation-wide cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HPL, with special emphasis on breast cancer.In this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3837 patients (2955 [77%] women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis.DESIGNIn this Swedish population-based cohort study, we used nationwide registries to identify 3837 patients (2955 [77%] women) with HPL, treated with dopamine agonists (DA), diagnosed between 2006 and 2019, along with 38370 controls matched by age, sex, calendar year and county of residence at first HPL diagnosis.Cancer outcomes (overall and specific types) as registered in the Swedish Cancer Registry, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).METHODSCancer outcomes (overall and specific types) as registered in the Swedish Cancer Registry, were analyzed using Cox regression, internally stratified by the matching variables and additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol overconsumption, hormone replacement therapy and educational level to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 [95% CI: 0.89-1.23]). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer, (aHR 1.02 [95% CI: 0.68-1.51]). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer.RESULTSDuring a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.4-9.6), 168 (4.6%) new cases of cancer were identified in patients with HPL and 1608 (4.4%) in the control group (aHR 1.05 [95% CI: 0.89-1.23]). Twenty-eight (0.7%) patients (all women) in the HPL group and 267 (0.7%) in the control group developed breast cancer, (aHR 1.02 [95% CI: 0.68-1.51]). Similarly, there was no increased risk of any other site-specific cancer.In this nation-wide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed.CONCLUSIONSIn this nation-wide cohort study of patients with DA-treated HPL, no increased risk of overall cancer, breast cancer or other site-specific malignancies was observed. |
| Author | Bensing, Sophie Himonakos, Christos Berinder, Katarina Emilsson, Louise |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karlstad Central Hospital , Karlstad , Sweden 5 Department of General Practice & General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway 3 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden 4 Vårdcentralen Nysäter & Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland , Värmlands Nysäter, Sweden 6 Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden – name: 6 Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden – name: 5 Department of General Practice & General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway – name: 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karlstad Central Hospital , Karlstad , Sweden – name: 4 Vårdcentralen Nysäter & Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland , Värmlands Nysäter, Sweden – name: 3 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christos orcidid: 0000-0002-6957-4411 surname: Himonakos fullname: Himonakos, Christos organization: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karlstad Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Louise surname: Emilsson fullname: Emilsson, Louise organization: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Vårdcentralen Nysäter & Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Värmlands Nysäter, Sweden, Department of General Practice & General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway – sequence: 3 givenname: Sophie surname: Bensing fullname: Bensing, Sophie organization: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Katarina surname: Berinder fullname: Berinder, Katarina organization: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Keywords | cancer risk breast cancer hyperprolactinemia prolactinoma dopamine agonists |
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| Snippet | Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have examined cancer... OBJECTIVE: Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have... Objective: Prolactin (PRL) promotes cell proliferation, and PRL receptor expression is elevated in various cancer types. However, only a few studies have... |
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| SubjectTerms | breast cancer cancer risk dopamine agonists hyperprolactinemia prolactinoma |
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| Title | Hyperprolactinemia and cancer risk: a Swedish population-based cohort study |
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