An Autonomous Distributed Coordination Strategy for Sustainable Consumption in a Microgrid Based on a Bio-Inspired Approach

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 17; no. 3; p. 757
• Main Authors: García, Marcel, Aguilar, Jose, R-Moreno, María D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Alternative energy; Analysis; Batteries; Building management systems; Commodities industry; Communication; Consumers; distributed control systems; emergent control; Energy consumption; Energy industry; Energy management; Energy management systems; Energy storage; Game theory; Literature reviews; Optimization; Power supply; Renewable resources; response threshold model; Scheduling; smart grid; Solar energy; Sustainable consumption; Germany
• DOI: 10.3390/en17030757
• ISSN: 1996-1073

Distributed energy resources have demonstrated their potential to mitigate the limitations of large, centralized generation systems. This is achieved through the geographical distribution of generation sources that capitalize on the potential of their respective environments to satisfy local demand. In a microgrid, the control problem is inherently distributed, rendering traditional control techniques inefficient due to the impracticality of central governance. Instead, coordination among its components is essential. The challenge involves enabling these components to operate under optimal conditions, such as charging batteries with surplus solar energy or deactivating controllable loads when market prices rise. Consequently, there is a pressing need for innovative distributed strategies like emergent control. Inspired by phenomena such as the environmentally responsive behavior of ants, emergent control involves decentralized coordination schemes. This paper introduces an emergent control strategy for microgrids, grounded in the response threshold model, to establish an autonomous distributed control approach. The results, utilizing our methodology, demonstrate seamless coordination among the diverse components of a microgrid. For instance, system resilience is evident in scenarios where, upon the failure of certain components, others commence operation. Moreover, in dynamic conditions, such as varying weather and economic factors, the microgrid adeptly adapts to meet demand fluctuations. Our emergent control scheme enhances response times, performance, and on/off delay times. In various test scenarios, Integrated Absolute Error (IAE) metrics of approximately 0.01% were achieved, indicating a negligible difference between supplied and demanded energy. Furthermore, our approach prioritizes the utilization of renewable sources, increasing their usage from 59.7% to 86.1%. This shift not only reduces reliance on the public grid but also leads to significant energy cost savings.