GIS-based measures of environmental equity: Exploring their sensitivity and significance
In order to determine whether principles of environmental justice have been violated, a large number of empirical studies have been carried out to ascertain whether minority and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to industrial pollution. This study provides a comparative evaluatio...
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| Published in | Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 18 - 28 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Nature Publishing Group US
01.01.1999
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1559-0631 1053-4245 1559-064X |
| DOI | 10.1038/sj.jea.7500023 |
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| Abstract | In order to determine whether principles of environmental justice have been violated, a large number of empirical studies have been carried out to ascertain whether minority and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to industrial pollution. This study provides a comparative evaluation of two commonly employed proximity measures in GIS-based environmental equity assessment, examining their influence on the results of the analysis, and proposes a methodology for evaluating the significance of these results. 1990 census data on population characteristics and data from the 1995 EPA's toxic release inventory (TRI) for the City of Minneapolis, MN are used. These results also allow a preliminary assessment of environmental equity/inequity in potential exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for racial minorities, poor people and children in Minneapolis. In the third part of the paper we develop and employ a geographic randomization methodology for assessing the significance of these results. |
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| AbstractList | In order to determine whether principles of environmental justice have been violated, a large number of empirical studies have been carried out to ascertain whether minority and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to industrial pollution. This study provides a comparative evaluation of two commonly employed proximity measures in GIS-based environmental equity assessment, examining their influence on the results of the analysis, and proposes a methodology for evaluating the significance of these results. 1990 census data on population characteristics and data from the 1995 EPA's toxic release inventory (TRI) for the City of Minneapolis, MN are used. These results also allow a preliminary assessment of environmental equity/inequity in potential exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for racial minorities, poor people and children in Minneapolis. In the third part of the paper we develop and employ a geographic randomization methodology for assessing the significance of these results. In order to determine whether principles of environmental justice have been violated, a large number of empirical studies have been carried out to ascertain whether minority and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to industrial pollution. This study provides a comparative evaluation of two commonly employed proximity measures in GIS-based environmental equity assessment, examining their influence on the results of the analysis, and proposes a methodology for evaluating the significance of these results. 1990 census data on population characteristics and data from the 1995 EPA's toxic release inventory (TRI) for the City of Minneapolis, MN are used. These results also allow a preliminary assessment of environmental equity/inequity in potential exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for racial minorities, poor people and children in Minneapolis. In the third part of the paper we develop and employ a geographic randomization methodology for assessing the significance of these results.In order to determine whether principles of environmental justice have been violated, a large number of empirical studies have been carried out to ascertain whether minority and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to industrial pollution. This study provides a comparative evaluation of two commonly employed proximity measures in GIS-based environmental equity assessment, examining their influence on the results of the analysis, and proposes a methodology for evaluating the significance of these results. 1990 census data on population characteristics and data from the 1995 EPA's toxic release inventory (TRI) for the City of Minneapolis, MN are used. These results also allow a preliminary assessment of environmental equity/inequity in potential exposure to airborne toxic chemicals for racial minorities, poor people and children in Minneapolis. In the third part of the paper we develop and employ a geographic randomization methodology for assessing the significance of these results. |
| Author | MCMASTER, ROBERT B LEITNER, HELGA SHEPPARD, ERIC TIAN, HONGGUO |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: ERIC surname: SHEPPARD fullname: SHEPPARD, ERIC organization: Department of Geography, University of Minnesota – sequence: 2 givenname: HELGA surname: LEITNER fullname: LEITNER, HELGA organization: Department of Geography, University of Minnesota – sequence: 3 givenname: ROBERT B surname: MCMASTER fullname: MCMASTER, ROBERT B email: mcmaster@atlas.socsci.umn.edu organization: Department of Geography, University of Minnesota – sequence: 4 givenname: HONGGUO surname: TIAN fullname: TIAN, HONGGUO organization: Department of Geography, University of Minnesota |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189624$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Air pollution Child Child Welfare Empirical analysis Environmental assessment Environmental equity Environmental Exposure - analysis Environmental Health - legislation & jurisprudence Environmental justice Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Evaluation Female Geography Humans Industrial pollution Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Minority & ethnic groups Minority Groups original-article Population characteristics Poverty Risk Assessment Sample Size Sensitivity and Specificity Software |
| Title | GIS-based measures of environmental equity: Exploring their sensitivity and significance |
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