Factors influencing occupancy and density of salt marsh songbirds in northeast Florida

Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) are species of concern that inhabit a small, narrow range...

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Published inJournal of field ornithology Vol. 91; no. 2; pp. 156 - 169
Main Authors Schwarzer, Amy C., Cox, W. Andrew, Tornwall, Brett
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New Bedford Wiley 01.06.2020
Association of Field Ornithologists Inc
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Abstract Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) are species of concern that inhabit a small, narrow range of salt marsh in the northeastern corner of the state, an area of increasing human development. The historic ranges of these subspecies encompassed salt marshes in five counties, but their ranges had contracted to just two counties by the early 2000s and their populations declined. We surveyed the historic ranges of the two subspecies during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015 to document their distributions, identify habitat features that influenced occupancy and density, and assess whether any recolonization had occurred in areas previously abandoned. We found that the ranges of both subspecies remained relatively stable compared to the early 2000s, with no signs of either further contraction or recolonization. Both Marsh Wrens and Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occupy areas farther from uplands. Marsh Wren occupancy was positively associated with marshes dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and negatively associated with marshes dominated by black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occur at sites of moderate elevation. We found greater densities of both subspecies in areas farther from uplands, with moderate elevations, and dense vegetation. Marsh Wren density also increased in smooth cordgrass marshes, whereas sparrow numbers increased in areas of moderate vegetation height. Despite these differences between subspecies, the need for dense vegetation away from uplands highlights the importance of smooth cordgrass marshes in the region. Los pantanos salobres y los organismos que dependen de ellos están sujetos a una variedad de amenazas antropogénicas. En Florida, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii son especies sobre las que existe preocupación, pues habitan un pequeño y estrecho rango de pantanos salobres en la esquina noreste del estado, un área en donde ha incrementado el desarrollo humano. Los rangos histáricos de estas subespecies incluían pantanos salobres en cinco condados, pero sus rangos se contrajeron a solo dos condados hacia principios de los 2000 y la población ha disminuido en el estado. Realizamos monitoreos de los rangos históricos de las dos subespecies durante las temporadas de reproducción de 2014 y 2015 para documentar sus distribuciones, identificar características del hábitat que influencian la ocupación y la densidad y determinar si ha ocurrido alguna recolonización de las áreas que habian sido previamente abandonadas. Encontramos que los rangos de las dos subespecies se mantienen relativamente estables comparado con los primeros años de los 2000, sin ninguna señal de contracción o recolonización. Ambos, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocuparon, con mayor probabilidad, áreas alejadas de tierras altas. La ocupación de Cistothorus palustris griseus estuvo positivamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Spartina alterniflora y negativamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Juncus roemerianus. Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocurrio con mayor probabilidad en sitios de elevación moderada. Encontramos densidades mayores de las dos subespecies en areas apartadas de las tierras altas, con elevaciones moderadas y vegetación densa. La densidad de Cistothorus palustris griseus también incremento en pantanos de Spartina alterniflora, mientras que los números de Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii incrementaron en áreas de vegetación con mediana altura. A pesar de las diferencias entre las subespecies, la necesidad por la vegetación densa y estar lejos de tierras altas resalta la importancia de pantanos de Spartina alterniflora en la región.
AbstractList Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) are species of concern that inhabit a small, narrow range of salt marsh in the northeastern corner of the state, an area of increasing human development. The historic ranges of these subspecies encompassed salt marshes in five counties, but their ranges had contracted to just two counties by the early 2000s and their populations declined. We surveyed the historic ranges of the two subspecies during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015 to document their distributions, identify habitat features that influenced occupancy and density, and assess whether any recolonization had occurred in areas previously abandoned. We found that the ranges of both subspecies remained relatively stable compared to the early 2000s, with no signs of either further contraction or recolonization. Both Marsh Wrens and Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occupy areas farther from uplands. Marsh Wren occupancy was positively associated with marshes dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and negatively associated with marshes dominated by black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occur at sites of moderate elevation. We found greater densities of both subspecies in areas farther from uplands, with moderate elevations, and dense vegetation. Marsh Wren density also increased in smooth cordgrass marshes, whereas sparrow numbers increased in areas of moderate vegetation height. Despite these differences between subspecies, the need for dense vegetation away from uplands highlights the importance of smooth cordgrass marshes in the region. RESUMEN Factores que influencian la ocupación y densidad de aves en pantanos salobres en el Noreste de Florida Los pantanos salobres y los organismos que dependen de ellos están sujetos a una variedad de amenazas antropogénicas. En Florida, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii son especies sobre las que existe preocupación, pues habitan un pequeño y estrecho rango de pantanos salobres en la esquina noreste del estado, un área en donde ha incrementado el desarrollo humano. Los rangos históricos de estas subespecies incluían pantanos salobres en cinco condados, pero sus rangos se contrajeron a solo dos condados hacia principios de los 2000 y la población ha disminuido en el estado. Realizamos monitoreos de los rangos históricos de las dos subespecies durante las temporadas de reproducción de 2014 y 2015 para documentar sus distribuciones, identificar características del hábitat que influencian la ocupación y la densidad y determinar si ha ocurrido alguna recolonización de las áreas que habían sido previamente abandonadas. Encontramos que los rangos de las dos subespecies se mantienen relativamente estables comparado con los primeros años de los 2000, sin ninguna señal de contracción o recolonización. Ambos, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocuparon, con mayor probabilidad, áreas alejadas de tierras altas. La ocupación de Cistothorus palustris griseus estuvo positivamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Spartina alterniflora y negativamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Juncus roemerianus. Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocurrió con mayor probabilidad en sitios de elevación moderada. Encontramos densidades mayores de las dos subespecies en áreas apartadas de las tierras altas, con elevaciones moderadas y vegetación densa. La densidad de Cistothorus palustris griseus también incremento en pantanos de Spartina alterniflora, mientras que los números de Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii incrementaron en áreas de vegetación con mediana altura. A pesar de las diferencias entre las subespecies, la necesidad por la vegetación densa y estar lejos de tierras altas resalta la importancia de pantanos de Spartina alterniflora en la región.
Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) are species of concern that inhabit a small, narrow range of salt marsh in the northeastern corner of the state, an area of increasing human development. The historic ranges of these subspecies encompassed salt marshes in five counties, but their ranges had contracted to just two counties by the early 2000s and their populations declined. We surveyed the historic ranges of the two subspecies during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015 to document their distributions, identify habitat features that influenced occupancy and density, and assess whether any recolonization had occurred in areas previously abandoned. We found that the ranges of both subspecies remained relatively stable compared to the early 2000s, with no signs of either further contraction or recolonization. Both Marsh Wrens and Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occupy areas farther from uplands. Marsh Wren occupancy was positively associated with marshes dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and negatively associated with marshes dominated by black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occur at sites of moderate elevation. We found greater densities of both subspecies in areas farther from uplands, with moderate elevations, and dense vegetation. Marsh Wren density also increased in smooth cordgrass marshes, whereas sparrow numbers increased in areas of moderate vegetation height. Despite these differences between subspecies, the need for dense vegetation away from uplands highlights the importance of smooth cordgrass marshes in the region.
Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris griseus) and MacGillivray’s Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii) are species of concern that inhabit a small, narrow range of salt marsh in the northeastern corner of the state, an area of increasing human development. The historic ranges of these subspecies encompassed salt marshes in five counties, but their ranges had contracted to just two counties by the early 2000s and their populations declined. We surveyed the historic ranges of the two subspecies during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015 to document their distributions, identify habitat features that influenced occupancy and density, and assess whether any recolonization had occurred in areas previously abandoned. We found that the ranges of both subspecies remained relatively stable compared to the early 2000s, with no signs of either further contraction or recolonization. Both Marsh Wrens and Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occupy areas farther from uplands. Marsh Wren occupancy was positively associated with marshes dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and negatively associated with marshes dominated by black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). Seaside Sparrows were more likely to occur at sites of moderate elevation. We found greater densities of both subspecies in areas farther from uplands, with moderate elevations, and dense vegetation. Marsh Wren density also increased in smooth cordgrass marshes, whereas sparrow numbers increased in areas of moderate vegetation height. Despite these differences between subspecies, the need for dense vegetation away from uplands highlights the importance of smooth cordgrass marshes in the region. Los pantanos salobres y los organismos que dependen de ellos están sujetos a una variedad de amenazas antropogénicas. En Florida, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii son especies sobre las que existe preocupación, pues habitan un pequeño y estrecho rango de pantanos salobres en la esquina noreste del estado, un área en donde ha incrementado el desarrollo humano. Los rangos histáricos de estas subespecies incluían pantanos salobres en cinco condados, pero sus rangos se contrajeron a solo dos condados hacia principios de los 2000 y la población ha disminuido en el estado. Realizamos monitoreos de los rangos históricos de las dos subespecies durante las temporadas de reproducción de 2014 y 2015 para documentar sus distribuciones, identificar características del hábitat que influencian la ocupación y la densidad y determinar si ha ocurrido alguna recolonización de las áreas que habian sido previamente abandonadas. Encontramos que los rangos de las dos subespecies se mantienen relativamente estables comparado con los primeros años de los 2000, sin ninguna señal de contracción o recolonización. Ambos, Cistothorus palustris griseus y Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocuparon, con mayor probabilidad, áreas alejadas de tierras altas. La ocupación de Cistothorus palustris griseus estuvo positivamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Spartina alterniflora y negativamente asociada con pantanos dominados por Juncus roemerianus. Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii ocurrio con mayor probabilidad en sitios de elevación moderada. Encontramos densidades mayores de las dos subespecies en areas apartadas de las tierras altas, con elevaciones moderadas y vegetación densa. La densidad de Cistothorus palustris griseus también incremento en pantanos de Spartina alterniflora, mientras que los números de Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii incrementaron en áreas de vegetación con mediana altura. A pesar de las diferencias entre las subespecies, la necesidad por la vegetación densa y estar lejos de tierras altas resalta la importancia de pantanos de Spartina alterniflora en la región.
Author Tornwall, Brett
Cox, W. Andrew
Schwarzer, Amy C.
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Snippet Salt marshes and the organisms that depend on them are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats. In Florida, Worthington’s Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus...
SourceID proquest
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wiley
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StartPage 156
SubjectTerms Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii
Animal behavior
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic plants
Avian Conservation and Management
Birds
Breeding seasons
Cistothorus
Cistothorus palustris
Cistothorus palustris griseus
Contraction
cordgrass
Density
distribution
Elevation
Highlands
Human influences
Juncus roemerianus
marsh wren
Occupancy
Recolonization
Salt marshes
Saltmarshes
seaside sparrow
Songbirds
Spartina alterniflora
Vegetation
Title Factors influencing occupancy and density of salt marsh songbirds in northeast Florida
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/48587866
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjofo.12336
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2427527078
Volume 91
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