Prevalence and Predicting Risk Factors of Polypharmacy in Azar Cohort Population
Background: As polypharmacy has some medically negative impacts, it has become a challenging issue for public health and affected people. Therefore, we decided to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its predicting risk factors in the Azar cohort population. Methods: In this cross-sectiona...
Saved in:
| Published in | Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR Vol. 21; no. 1 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Brieflands
01.12.2022
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1735-0328 1726-6890 |
| DOI | 10.5812/ijpr-126922 |
Cover
| Abstract | Background: As polypharmacy has some medically negative impacts, it has become a challenging issue for public health and affected people. Therefore, we decided to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its predicting risk factors in the Azar cohort population. Methods: In this cross-sectional population-based cohort study, the prevalence of polypharmacy was evaluated in 15,001 subjects who participated in the Azar cohort study. We measured demographic characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking status, marital status, and education level), physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, multimorbidity (coexistence of two or more chronic diseases (CDs)), and polypharmacy status (a daily intake of five or more medicines for a minimum of 90 days). Results: Based on our results, 9.51% of the population had polypharmacy. The five most prescribed medications were drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (19.9%), central nervous system (16.7%), endocrine system (13.3%), NSAIDs (11.5%), and drugs used for musculoskeletal and joint diseases (11.4%). Being female, illiterate, and having the lowest tertile of physical activity level significantly increased the risk of polypharmacy. The risk of polypharmacy was 49.36 times higher in patients with four or more CDs than in those without. Conclusions: Our study emphasized the importance of routine monitoring to evaluate polypharmacy among those aged 35 to 59 and the elderly. Physicians should carefully assess drug suitability, especially in multimorbid and obese patients, to prevent excessive polypharmacy and its potentially negative impacts. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background: As polypharmacy has some medically negative impacts, it has become a challenging issue for public health and affected people. Therefore, we decided to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its predicting risk factors in the Azar cohort population. Methods: In this cross-sectional population-based cohort study, the prevalence of polypharmacy was evaluated in 15,001 subjects who participated in the Azar cohort study. We measured demographic characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking status, marital status, and education level), physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, multimorbidity (coexistence of two or more chronic diseases (CDs)), and polypharmacy status (a daily intake of five or more medicines for a minimum of 90 days). Results: Based on our results, 9.51% of the population had polypharmacy. The five most prescribed medications were drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (19.9%), central nervous system (16.7%), endocrine system (13.3%), NSAIDs (11.5%), and drugs used for musculoskeletal and joint diseases (11.4%). Being female, illiterate, and having the lowest tertile of physical activity level significantly increased the risk of polypharmacy. The risk of polypharmacy was 49.36 times higher in patients with four or more CDs than in those without. Conclusions: Our study emphasized the importance of routine monitoring to evaluate polypharmacy among those aged 35 to 59 and the elderly. Physicians should carefully assess drug suitability, especially in multimorbid and obese patients, to prevent excessive polypharmacy and its potentially negative impacts. |
| Author | Somi, Mohammadhossein Hassannezhad, Sina Hatefi, Ayda Faramarzi, Elnaz Ostadrahimi, Alireza Gharekhani, Afshin Haji Kamanaj, Arash |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Sina Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3 Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Sina Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran – name: 3 Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran – name: 4 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran – name: 2 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran – name: 5 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Afshin surname: Gharekhani fullname: Gharekhani, Afshin – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammadhossein surname: Somi fullname: Somi, Mohammadhossein – sequence: 3 givenname: Alireza surname: Ostadrahimi fullname: Ostadrahimi, Alireza – sequence: 4 givenname: Ayda surname: Hatefi fullname: Hatefi, Ayda – sequence: 5 givenname: Arash surname: Haji Kamanaj fullname: Haji Kamanaj, Arash – sequence: 6 givenname: Sina surname: Hassannezhad fullname: Hassannezhad, Sina – sequence: 7 givenname: Elnaz orcidid: 0000-0003-4128-433X surname: Faramarzi fullname: Faramarzi, Elnaz |
| BookMark | eNptkF9LwzAUxYNM3B998gvkXarJbZO2L8IYTgXBIfpc7tJky-ySknaD-eltnQiKT_dezjk_uGdMBs47TcglZ9ci43BjN3WIOMgc4ISMeAoyklnOBv0ei4jFkA3JuGk2jAmZJ-yMDGPJJMuBjchiEfQeK-2UpuhK2p2lVa11K_pim3c6R9X60FBv6MJXh3qNYYvqQK2j0w8MdObXPrSdVu8qbK135-TUYNXoi-85IW_zu9fZQ_T0fP84mz5FKhZZGxnIJIIEo7U0S0RMDc-NiNOMayFKkfM0A0hKholWBrUSJQouyxiWJTAj4wm5PXLr3XKrS6VdG7Aq6mC3GA6FR1v8VpxdFyu_L_IEGEAPuDoCVPBNE7T5yXJW9MUWfbHFsdjOzf-4lW2_Hu7gtvo38wktin-s |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sapharm_2024_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exger_2023_112317 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40545_023_00665_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2666_7568_24_00007_2 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000032608 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmacy12020049 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1038/embor.2012.87 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008656 10.1038/s41598-017-13379-z 10.1007/s00228-010-0940-0 10.1093/ije/dyz078 10.1093/ije/dyy215 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60240-2 10.1093/aje/kwx314 10.1038/jhh.2010.99 10.18553/jmcp.2010.16.3.206 10.1186/1471-2458-10-718 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30222-1 10.3390/pharmacy7020033 10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2168 10.1111/sms.12884 10.1038/s41598-020-59668-y 10.1111/j.1041-2972.2005.0020.x 10.1186/s12875-015-0344-4 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.011 10.1056/NEJMra1109345 10.1186/s13690-015-0095-7 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02040.x 10.1186/s12889-015-1515-x 10.1001/jama.2015.13766 10.1371/journal.pone.0234386 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.05.058 10.1186/s12992-020-00572-5 10.1155/2012/193168 10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003 10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007136 10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2 10.1345/aph.1M147 10.1080/17843286.2016.1148298 10.1590/s1984-82502013000300006 10.1093/eurpub/cky098 10.1093/epirev/mxs009 10.1016/j.jomh.2011.03.002 10.1186/s12913-017-2793-z 10.1111/jocn.14371 10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00228-0 10.1371/journal.pone.0214240 10.4103/2468-8827.184853 10.1093/fampra/cmaa056 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30941-3 10.1093/heapol/czz043 10.3390/pharmacy7020041 10.1002/pds.4925 10.1093/ageing/afy016 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2022, Author(s) 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2022, Author(s) 2022 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 5PM |
| DOI | 10.5812/ijpr-126922 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics |
| EISSN | 1726-6890 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC9420226 10_5812_ijpr_126922 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 29J 2WC 53G 5GY AAYXX ABDBF ACUHS ADBBV AEGXH AENEX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL CITATION DIK EOJEC ESX FRP GX1 HH5 HYE KQ8 KWQ M48 OBODZ OK1 RNS RPM TR2 TUS W2D 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-f286a262fee6fbaaa7f19f53781e55d59178224d0a4ecfaec5da516d32bd20f63 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1735-0328 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:42:52 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:35 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 27 16:39:03 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c358t-f286a262fee6fbaaa7f19f53781e55d59178224d0a4ecfaec5da516d32bd20f63 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4128-433X |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.5812/ijpr-126922 |
| PMID | 36060920 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9420226 crossref_primary_10_5812_ijpr_126922 crossref_citationtrail_10_5812_ijpr_126922 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2022 text: 2022-12-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Brieflands |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Brieflands |
| References | key-A126922REF52-52 key-A126922REF31-31 key-A126922REF35-35 key-A126922REF39-39 key-A126922REF10-10 key-A126922REF4-4 key-A126922REF14-14 key-A126922REF18-18 key-A126922REF2-2 key-A126922REF41-41 key-A126922REF45-45 key-A126922REF49-49 key-A126922REF20-20 key-A126922REF24-24 key-A126922REF28-28 key-A126922REF30-30 key-A126922REF34-34 key-A126922REF11-11 key-A126922REF38-38 key-A126922REF15-15 key-A126922REF19-19 key-A126922REF7-7 key-A126922REF5-5 key-A126922REF46-46 key-A126922REF42-42 Shirani S (key-A126922REF47-47) 2009; 15 key-A126922REF23-23 key-A126922REF9-9 Bertakis KD (key-A126922REF27-27) 2000; 49 key-A126922REF33-33 key-A126922REF3-3 key-A126922REF12-12 key-A126922REF37-37 key-A126922REF16-16 key-A126922REF1-1 key-A126922REF43-43 key-A126922REF22-22 key-A126922REF26-26 key-A126922REF51-51 key-A126922REF32-32 key-A126922REF36-36 Gandomkar A (key-A126922REF48-48) 2018; 21 Montazeri A (key-A126922REF50-50) 2013; 12 key-A126922REF13-13 key-A126922REF17-17 key-A126922REF8-8 key-A126922REF40-40 key-A126922REF44-44 key-A126922REF6-6 key-A126922REF21-21 key-A126922REF25-25 key-A126922REF29-29 |
| References_xml | – ident: key-A126922REF26-26 doi: 10.1038/embor.2012.87 – ident: key-A126922REF45-45 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008656 – volume: 21 start-page: 335 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: key-A126922REF48-48 publication-title: Arch Iran Med. – volume: 12 start-page: 567 issue: 6 year: 2013 ident: key-A126922REF50-50 publication-title: Payesh. – ident: key-A126922REF52-52 doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13379-z – ident: key-A126922REF13-13 doi: 10.1007/s00228-010-0940-0 – ident: key-A126922REF38-38 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz078 – ident: key-A126922REF18-18 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy215 – ident: key-A126922REF36-36 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60240-2 – ident: key-A126922REF17-17 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx314 – volume: 49 start-page: 147 issue: 2 year: 2000 ident: key-A126922REF27-27 publication-title: J Fam Pract. – ident: key-A126922REF46-46 doi: 10.1038/jhh.2010.99 – ident: key-A126922REF28-28 doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2010.16.3.206 – ident: key-A126922REF11-11 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-718 – ident: key-A126922REF6-6 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30222-1 – ident: key-A126922REF40-40 doi: 10.3390/pharmacy7020033 – ident: key-A126922REF21-21 doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2168 – ident: key-A126922REF37-37 doi: 10.1111/sms.12884 – ident: key-A126922REF16-16 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59668-y – ident: key-A126922REF23-23 doi: 10.1111/j.1041-2972.2005.0020.x – ident: key-A126922REF7-7 doi: 10.1186/s12875-015-0344-4 – ident: key-A126922REF43-43 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.011 – ident: key-A126922REF3-3 doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1109345 – ident: key-A126922REF33-33 doi: 10.1186/s13690-015-0095-7 – ident: key-A126922REF34-34 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02040.x – ident: key-A126922REF35-35 doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1515-x – ident: key-A126922REF44-44 doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.13766 – ident: key-A126922REF22-22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234386 – ident: key-A126922REF49-49 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.05.058 – ident: key-A126922REF1-1 doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00572-5 – ident: key-A126922REF20-20 doi: 10.1155/2012/193168 – ident: key-A126922REF9-9 doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003 – ident: key-A126922REF14-14 doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007136 – ident: key-A126922REF12-12 doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2 – ident: key-A126922REF25-25 doi: 10.1345/aph.1M147 – ident: key-A126922REF32-32 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2016.1148298 – ident: key-A126922REF24-24 doi: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000300006 – ident: key-A126922REF4-4 doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky098 – ident: key-A126922REF8-8 doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxs009 – ident: key-A126922REF29-29 doi: 10.1016/j.jomh.2011.03.002 – ident: key-A126922REF15-15 doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2793-z – ident: key-A126922REF42-42 doi: 10.1111/jocn.14371 – volume: 15 start-page: 1455 issue: 6 year: 2009 ident: key-A126922REF47-47 publication-title: East Mediterr Health J. – ident: key-A126922REF41-41 doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00228-0 – ident: key-A126922REF30-30 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214240 – ident: key-A126922REF51-51 doi: 10.4103/2468-8827.184853 – ident: key-A126922REF10-10 doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa056 – ident: key-A126922REF5-5 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30941-3 – ident: key-A126922REF2-2 doi: 10.1093/heapol/czz043 – ident: key-A126922REF19-19 doi: 10.3390/pharmacy7020041 – ident: key-A126922REF31-31 doi: 10.1002/pds.4925 – ident: key-A126922REF39-39 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy016 |
| SSID | ssj0056940 |
| Score | 2.3089097 |
| Snippet | Background: As polypharmacy has some medically negative impacts, it has become a challenging issue for public health and affected people. Therefore, we decided... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral crossref |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Enrichment Source Index Database |
| Title | Prevalence and Predicting Risk Factors of Polypharmacy in Azar Cohort Population |
| URI | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9420226 |
| Volume | 21 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1NS8MwGA5jHvQifuL8GDnsJGS2aZK2JxnDMYTJEAe7laRJXHW0s5vg_PUmazus7OCx5C2lT9v3o3nf5wGgIyUJY6YoEjR2EKHSRcIVAsWKGocZaOUL-79j9MSGE_I4pdMGqMQ4SwCXO0s7qyc1yefdr4_1vfngTf7apSY-3SVvixy5mIXY-OI9E5KYrcJGZLudQFlYTkZ6FFkCuWJQ7-_JtdBUb5H8FXMGR-CwTBZhr3i6x6Ch0hOwX80SL0_B2DIw8c3cEOSphOZQ2hmP9BU-J8t3OCjUdGCm4TibrxcFT_UaJinsffMc9rOZuXOzVql4nYHJ4OGlP0SlRgKKPRqskMYB45hhrRTTgnPuazfU1PMDV1EqqanGbJ-odDhRseYqppJTl0kPC4kdzbxz0EyzVF0AqLD2TD4hHeURokOfh26gY44VMWaB4C1wW8ETxSWBuNWxmEemkLBYRhbLqMCyBTpb40XBm7HbzK_hvLW1rNf1lTSZbdivQ4JN3sEu_3eBK3BgzYsGlGvQXOWf6sakESvRtk6ctjcvyg9zaMvU |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Predicting+Risk+Factors+of+Polypharmacy+in+Azar+Cohort+Population&rft.jtitle=Iranian+journal+of+pharmaceutical+research+%3A+IJPR&rft.au=Gharekhani%2C+Afshin&rft.au=Somi%2C+Mohammadhossein&rft.au=Ostadrahimi%2C+Alireza&rft.au=Hatefi%2C+Ayda&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft.issn=1735-0328&rft.eissn=1726-6890&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.5812%2Fijpr-126922&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_5812_ijpr_126922 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1735-0328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1735-0328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1735-0328&client=summon |