Sensitive and rapid method for the determination of urinary cotinine in non-smokers: an application for studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS)
We describe a sensitive and rapid method to assay urinary cotinine levels among non-smokers using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS/MS) and its application in studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS). Cotinine was initially extracted from...
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Published in | Analytica chimica acta Vol. 545; no. 2; pp. 200 - 208 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
27.07.2005
Elsevier |
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Abstract | We describe a sensitive and rapid method to assay urinary cotinine levels among non-smokers using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS/MS) and its application in studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS). Cotinine was initially extracted from 1
ml of urine with methylene chloride by using a liquid–liquid extraction Chem Elut™ column. The extracted sample was further separated by using a BetaBasic C18 column (1
mm
×
150
mm, 3
μm) with isocratic elution (60:40 acetonitrile and 5
mM ammonium acetate at pH 5), and then examined using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. The elution of cotinine from the LC column took approximately 2.3
min and the detection of cotinine by ESI/MS/MS provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3
ng/ml. The ESI/MS/MS detection was able to easily distinguish between cotinine and nicotine. This method, validated using a cotinine concentration range from 0.8 to 102.4
ng/ml, was successfully applied in a cross-sectional study examining differences in levels and sources of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smokers. Self-reported measures of SHS exposure were significantly associated with urinary cotinine levels. This urinary cotinine assay using LC–ESI/MS/MS provides a robust, high throughput and very sensitive method for the evaluation of SHS exposure for use in epidemiologic and clinical research studies. |
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AbstractList | We describe a sensitive and rapid method to assay urinary cotinine levels among non-smokers using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS/MS) and its application in studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS). Cotinine was initially extracted from 1
ml of urine with methylene chloride by using a liquid–liquid extraction Chem Elut™ column. The extracted sample was further separated by using a BetaBasic C18 column (1
mm
×
150
mm, 3
μm) with isocratic elution (60:40 acetonitrile and 5
mM ammonium acetate at pH 5), and then examined using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. The elution of cotinine from the LC column took approximately 2.3
min and the detection of cotinine by ESI/MS/MS provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3
ng/ml. The ESI/MS/MS detection was able to easily distinguish between cotinine and nicotine. This method, validated using a cotinine concentration range from 0.8 to 102.4
ng/ml, was successfully applied in a cross-sectional study examining differences in levels and sources of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smokers. Self-reported measures of SHS exposure were significantly associated with urinary cotinine levels. This urinary cotinine assay using LC–ESI/MS/MS provides a robust, high throughput and very sensitive method for the evaluation of SHS exposure for use in epidemiologic and clinical research studies. We describe a sensitive and rapid method to assay urinary cotinine levels among non-smokers using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) and its application in studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS). Cotinine was initially extracted from 1 ml of urine with methylene chloride by using a liquid-liquid extraction Chem Elut[TM] column. The extracted sample was further separated by using a BetaBasic C18 column (1 mm x 150 mm, 3 mu m) with isocratic elution (60:40 acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate at pH 5), and then examined using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in multiple-reaction- monitoring (MRM) mode. The elution of cotinine from the LC column took approximately 2.3 min and the detection of cotinine by ESI/MS/MS provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng/ml. The ESI/MS/MS detection was able to easily distinguish between cotinine and nicotine. This method, validated using a cotinine concentration range from 0.8 to 102.4 ng/ml, was successfully applied in a cross-sectional study examining differences in levels and sources of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smokers. Self-reported measures of SHS exposure were significantly associated with urinary cotinine levels. This urinary cotinine assay using LC-ESI/MS/MS provides a robust, high throughput and very sensitive method for the evaluation of SHS exposure for use in epidemiologic and clinical research studies. |
Author | Abrams, Sara M. Michael Cummings, K. Song, Liguo Davis, Warren Hemiup, Jeremy Mahoney, Martin C. Latif Kazim, A. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liguo surname: Song fullname: Song, Liguo email: liguo.song@roswellpark.org organization: Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Warren surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Warren organization: Cancer Prevention and Population Science, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Sara M. surname: Abrams fullname: Abrams, Sara M. organization: Cancer Prevention and Population Science, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Jeremy surname: Hemiup fullname: Hemiup, Jeremy organization: Cancer Prevention and Population Science, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: A. surname: Latif Kazim fullname: Latif Kazim, A. organization: Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: K. surname: Michael Cummings fullname: Michael Cummings, K. organization: Cancer Prevention and Population Science, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Martin C. surname: Mahoney fullname: Mahoney, Martin C. email: martin.mahoney@roswellpark.org organization: Cancer Prevention and Population Science, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA |
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Cites_doi | 10.1080/00039896.1990.9935929 10.1002/ajim.10364 10.1016/S1570-0232(01)00613-4 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00306-6 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00343.x 10.1093/clinchem/43.12.2281 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.034 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00007-7 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90069-O 10.1136/bmj.315.7114.973 10.1136/tc.8.2.156 10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1460 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017925 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00402-7 10.1080/14622200210123581 10.1093/clinchem/45.12.2164 10.1136/bmj.315.7114.980 10.1378/chest.122.2.409 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00632-4 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01239-X 10.1039/B304051H 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00451-0 10.1080/13547500310012545 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.013 10.1016/0378-4274(87)90084-1 10.1136/thx.45.5.356 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.056 |
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Keywords | Tandem mass spectrometry Second hand smoke Liquid chromatography Cotinine Electrospray ionization Urine Ammonium Elution Chemical analysis Liquid liquid extraction Cotinine: Liquid chromatography Acetate Electrospray Chemical ionization Quadrupole spectrometer Chemical enrichment Sample preparation Chlorides Detection limit Mass spectrometry MS/MS Acetonitrile Mass spectrometry Monitoring Nicotine |
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Snippet | We describe a sensitive and rapid method to assay urinary cotinine levels among non-smokers using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass... |
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SubjectTerms | Analytical chemistry Chemistry Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography Cotinine Electrospray ionization Exact sciences and technology Liquid chromatography Other chromatographic methods Second hand smoke Spectrometric and optical methods Tandem mass spectrometry |
Title | Sensitive and rapid method for the determination of urinary cotinine in non-smokers: an application for studies assessing exposures to second hand smoke (SHS) |
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