Muscle Atrophy Beyond the Clinical Effect After a Single Dose of OnabotulinumtoxinA Injected in the Procerus Muscle: A Study with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Published in: Dermatologic surgery Vol. 39; no. 5; pp. 761 - 765
• Main Authors: K. Koerte, Inga, Schroeder, A. Sebastian, Fietzek, Urban M., Borggraefe, Ingo, Kerscher, Martina, Berweck, Steffen, Reiser, Maximilian, Ertl‐Wagner, Birgit, Heinen, Florian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.05.2013
• Subjects: Adult; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - administration & dosage; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - adverse effects; Facial Muscles - drug effects; Facial Muscles - pathology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Atrophy - chemically induced; Neuromuscular Agents - administration & dosage; Neuromuscular Agents - adverse effects; Skin Aging - drug effects

Background Botulinum toxin is a powerful and often used agent to treat dynamic rhytides. Focal and reversible neurogenic atrophy is considered to be the relevant mechanism of action. Objective To investigate the loss and regain of muscular volume in relation to clinical wrinkle severity as assessed...