The “rhythm effect” in stuttering as a function of predictability of utterance
Eighteen adult male stutterers read aloud words shown on a screen at a given signal. Ten different time intervals between word presentation and signal to read were used under each of the two experimental conditions. In Condition 1 (prediction), the signal to speak coincided with the time at which a...
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| Published in | Behaviour research and therapy Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 265 - 271 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.1971
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0005-7967 1873-622X |
| DOI | 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X |
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| Abstract | Eighteen adult male stutterers read aloud words shown on a screen at a given signal. Ten different time intervals between word presentation and signal to read were used under each of the two experimental conditions. In Condition 1 (prediction), the signal to speak coincided with the time at which a rising white column came into contact with a horizontal bar across its path. In Condition 2 (non-prediction), the horizontal bar was absent and the subject was not able to predict when the signal to speak would occur. Each subject served as his own control. The opportunity to predict when to speak reduced the time needed to complete the utterance but not the total number of speech errors. The variance due to subjects was very large in both cases. |
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| AbstractList | Eighteen adult male stutterers read aloud words shown on a screen at a given signal. Ten different time intervals between word presentation and signal to read were used under each of the two experimental conditions. In Condition 1 (prediction), the signal to speak coincided with the time at which a rising white column came into contact with a horizontal bar across its path. In Condition 2 (non-prediction), the horizontal bar was absent and the subject was not able to predict when the signal to speak would occur. Each subject served as his own control. The opportunity to predict when to speak reduced the time needed to complete the utterance but not the total number of speech errors. The variance due to subjects was very large in both cases. |
| Author | Fransella, Fay |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5095082$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0005-7894(71)80001-1 10.1016/0021-9924(67)90003-2 10.3109/13682826709031301 10.1007/BF02289823 10.1176/ajp.125.6.843 10.1044/jshd.0501.29 10.1016/0005-7967(63)90034-2 10.1016/0005-7967(69)90033-3 10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80003-8 10.1037/h0062149 10.1044/jshd.0404.371 10.1044/jshd.0202.105 10.1016/0005-7967(65)90005-7 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90042-3 10.1044/jshr.0201.74 10.1037/h0022143 |
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| References | Brandon, Harris (BIB8) 1967; 2 Fransella (BIB11) 1967; 5 Barber (BIB1) 1939; 4 Beech, Fransella (BIB4) 1969 Brady (BIB5) 1968; 125 Meyer, Comley (BIB17) 1969 Brady (BIB6) 1969; 7 Brady (BIB7) 1971 Johnson, Rosen (BIB15) 1937; 2 Barber (BIB2) 1940; 5 Sander (BIB20) 1961; 7 Fransella (BIB10) 1965 Knott, Correll, Shepherd (BIB16) 1959; 2 Beech, Fransella (BIB3) 1968 Fransella, Beech (BIB12) 1965; 3 Gray, Karmen (BIB14) 1967; 1 Quarrington (BIB19) 1965; 70 Taylor (BIB21) 1966; 5 Thorndike, Lorge (BIB23) 1944 Meyer, Mair (BIB18) 1963; 1 Greenhouse, Geisser (BIB13) 1959; 24 Brown (BIB9) 1938; 33 J. (1810) A letter to Henry Cline, Esquire, on Imperfect Development of the Faculties, Mental and Moral, as well as Constitutional and Or Greenhouse (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB13) 1959; 24 Johnson (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB15) 1937; 2 Brady (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB7) 1971 Brown (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB9) 1938; 33 Fransella (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB11) 1967; 5 Meyer (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB18) 1963; 1 Barber (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB2) 1940; 5 Quarrington (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB19) 1965; 70 Barber (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB1) 1939; 4 Meyer (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB17) 1969 Fransella (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB12) 1965; 3 Beech (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB4) 1969 Knott (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB16) 1959; 2 Brady (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB5) 1968; 125 Thorndike (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB23) 1944 Taylor (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB21) 1966; 5 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB22 Gray (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB14) 1967; 1 Fransella (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB10) 1965 Sander (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB20) 1961; 7 Beech (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB3) 1968 Brady (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB6) 1969; 7 Brandon (10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB8) 1967; 2 |
| References_xml | – year: 1969 ident: BIB4 article-title: Explanations of the “Rhythm Effect” in stuttering publication-title: Stuttering and the Conditioning Therapies – volume: 7 start-page: 197 year: 1969 end-page: 204 ident: BIB6 article-title: Studies on the metronome effect on stuttering publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy – volume: 33 start-page: 112 year: 1938 end-page: 120 ident: BIB9 article-title: Stuttering with relation to word accent and word position publication-title: J. abnorm. soc. Psychol. – volume: 5 start-page: 253 year: 1967 end-page: 255 ident: BIB11 article-title: Rhythm as a distractor in the modification of stuttering publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy – year: 1971 ident: BIB7 article-title: Metronome-conditioned speech retraining for stuttering publication-title: Behav. Therapy – year: 1944 ident: BIB23 article-title: The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words – volume: 125 start-page: 843 year: 1968 end-page: 848 ident: BIB5 article-title: A behavioural approach to the treatment of stuttering publication-title: Am. J. Psychiat. – volume: 1 start-page: 141 year: 1967 end-page: 151 ident: BIB14 article-title: The relationship between nonverbal anxiety and stuttering adaptation publication-title: J. Comm. Dis. – volume: 1 start-page: 251 year: 1963 end-page: 254 ident: BIB18 article-title: A new technique to control stammering: a preliminary report publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy – volume: 3 start-page: 195 year: 1965 end-page: 201 ident: BIB12 article-title: An experimental analysis of the effect of rhythm on the speech of stutterers publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy – volume: 2 start-page: 64 year: 1967 end-page: 68 ident: BIB8 article-title: Stammering—an experimental treatment programme using syllabletimed-speech publication-title: Brit. J. Dis. Comm. – volume: 2 start-page: 105 year: 1937 end-page: 109 ident: BIB15 article-title: Studies in the psychology of stuttering—VII: Effect of certain changes in speech pattern upon frequency of stuttering publication-title: J. Speech Disorders – year: 1969 ident: BIB17 article-title: A preliminary report on the treatment of stammer by the use of rhythmic stimulation publication-title: Stuttering and the Conditioning Therapies – volume: 7 start-page: 21 year: 1961 end-page: 30 ident: BIB20 article-title: Reliability of the Iowa speech disfluency test publication-title: J. Speech Hearing Dis. (Monogr. Suppl.) – volume: 2 start-page: 74 year: 1959 end-page: 80 ident: BIB16 article-title: Frequency analysis of electroencephalograms of stutterers and non-stutterers publication-title: J. 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Therapy doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(71)80001-1 – year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB17 article-title: A preliminary report on the treatment of stammer by the use of rhythmic stimulation – volume: 1 start-page: 141 year: 1967 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB14 article-title: The relationship between nonverbal anxiety and stuttering adaptation publication-title: J. Comm. Dis. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(67)90003-2 – year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB10 article-title: The effects of imposed rhythm and certain aspects of personality on the speech of stutterers – volume: 2 start-page: 64 year: 1967 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB8 article-title: Stammering—an experimental treatment programme using syllabletimed-speech publication-title: Brit. J. Dis. Comm. doi: 10.3109/13682826709031301 – volume: 7 start-page: 21 year: 1961 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB20 article-title: Reliability of the Iowa speech disfluency test publication-title: J. 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Res. & Therapy doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(63)90034-2 – volume: 7 start-page: 197 year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB6 article-title: Studies on the metronome effect on stuttering publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(69)90033-3 – volume: 5 start-page: 112 year: 1966 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB21 article-title: The properties of stuttered words publication-title: J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80003-8 – year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB4 article-title: Explanations of the “Rhythm Effect” in stuttering – volume: 33 start-page: 112 year: 1938 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB9 article-title: Stuttering with relation to word accent and word position publication-title: J. abnorm. soc. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/h0062149 – year: 1944 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB23 – volume: 4 start-page: 371 year: 1939 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB1 article-title: Studies in the psychology of stuttering—XV: Chorus reading as a distraction in stuttering publication-title: J. Speech Disorders doi: 10.1044/jshd.0404.371 – year: 1968 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB3 – volume: 2 start-page: 105 year: 1937 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB15 article-title: Studies in the psychology of stuttering—VII: Effect of certain changes in speech pattern upon frequency of stuttering publication-title: J. Speech Disorders doi: 10.1044/jshd.0202.105 – volume: 3 start-page: 195 year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB12 article-title: An experimental analysis of the effect of rhythm on the speech of stutterers publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(65)90005-7 – volume: 5 start-page: 253 year: 1967 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB11 article-title: Rhythm as a distractor in the modification of stuttering publication-title: Behav. Res. & Therapy doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90042-3 – volume: 2 start-page: 74 year: 1959 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB16 article-title: Frequency analysis of electroencephalograms of stutterers and non-stutterers publication-title: J. Speech Hearing Res. doi: 10.1044/jshr.0201.74 – volume: 70 start-page: 221 year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB19 article-title: Stuttering as a function of the information value and sentence position of words publication-title: J. Abnorm. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/h0022143 – ident: 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X_BIB22 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis of Variance Attention Cues Fear Humans Male Periodicity Probability Speech Speech Therapy Stuttering Time Factors Verbal Behavior |
| Title | The “rhythm effect” in stuttering as a function of predictability of utterance |
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